Infections in the Lung Transplant Recipient

Infections in the Lung Transplant Recipient


References

    Introduction and General Mechanisms

  1. Yousem SA, Berry GJ, Brunt EM, et al. A working formulation for the standardization of nomenclature in the diagnosis of heart and lung rejection: lung rejection study group. J Heart Lung Transplant 1990; 9(6):593-601.
  2. Veith FJ, Sinha SB, Blumcke S, et al. Nature and evolution of lung allograft rejection with and without immunosuppression. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1972;63(4):509-520.
  3. Yousem SA, Curley JM, Dauber J, et al. HLA-class II antigen expression in human heart-lung allografts. Transplantation 1990; 49(5):991-995.
  4. Griffith BP, Paradis IL, Zeevi A, et al. Immunologically mediated disease of the airways after pulmonary transplantation. Ann Surg 1988;208(3):371-378.
  5. Canto RG, Robinson GR II, Reynolds HY. Defense mechanisms of the respiratory tract. In: Chmel H, et al., eds. Pulmonary Infections and Immunity. New York: Plenum Press, 1994:1-27.
  6. Paradis I, Rabinowich H, Zeevi A, et al. Life in the allogeneic environment after lung transplantation. Lung 1990;168 Suppl:1172-1181.

    Factors associated with increased susceptibility

  7. Zenati M, Dowling RD, Dummer S, et al. Influence of the donor lung on development of early infections in lung transplant recipients. J Heart Transplant 1990;9(5):502-508.
  8. Zenati M, Yousem SA, Dowling RD, et al. Primary graft failure following pulmonary transplantation. Transplantation 1990;50(1):165-167.
  9. Hruban RH, Beschorner WE, Baumgartner WA, et al. Depletion of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue associated with lung allograft rejection. Am J Pathol 1988;132(1):6-11.
  10. Schafers HJ, Haydock DA, Cooper JD. The prevalence and management of bronchial anastomotic complications in lung transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;101(6):1044-1052.
  11. Novick RJ, Ahmad D, Menkis AH, et al. The importance of acquired diffuse bronchomalacia in heart-lung transplant recipients with obliterative bronchiolitis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;101(4):643-648.
  12. Yousem SA, Burke CM, Billingham ME. Pathologic pulmonary alterations in long-term human heart-lung transplantation. Hum Pathol 1985;16(9):911-923.
  13. de Leval MR, Smyth R, Whitehead B, et al. Heart and lung transplantation for terminal cystic fibrosis. A 4 1/2-year experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;101(4):633-641.
  14. Tazelaar HD, Yousem SA. The pathology of combined heart-lung transplantation: an autopsy study. Hum Pathol 1988;19(12):1403-1416.
  15. McDougall JC, Vigneswaran WT, Peters SG, et al. Fungal infection of the contralateral native lung after single-lung transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 1993;56(1):176-178.

    Types of infections

  16. Brooks RG, Hofflin JM, Jamieson SW, et al. Infectious complications in heart-lung transplant recipients. Am J Med 1985;79(4):412-422.
  17. Dummer JS, Montero CG, Griffith BP, et al. Infections in heart-lung transplant recipients. Transplantation 1986;41(6):725-729.
  18. Penketh AR, Higenbottam TW, Hutter J, et al. Clinical experience in the management of pulmonary opportunist infection and rejection in recipients of heart-lung transplants. Thorax 1988;43(10):762-769.
  19. Dauber JH, Paradis IL, Dummer JS. Infectious complications in pulmonary allograft recipients. Clin Chest Med 1990;11(2):291-308.
  20. de Hoyos AL, Patterson GA, Maurer JR, et al. Pulmonary transplantation. Early and late results. The Toronto Lung Transplant Group. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992;103(2):295-306.
  21. Maurer JR, Tullis DE, Grossman RF, et al. Infectious complications following isolated lung transplantation. Chest 1992;101(4):1056-1059.
  22. Haydock DA, Trulock EP, Kaiser LR, et al. Lung transplantation. Analysis of thirty-six consecutive procedures performed over a twelve-month period. The Washington University Lung Transplant Group. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992;103(2):329-340.
  23. Kramer MR, Marshall SE, Starnes VA, et al. Infectious complications in heart-lung transplantation. Analysis of 200 episodes. Arch Intern Med 1993;153(17):2010-2016.
  24. Horvath J, Dummer S, Loyd J, et al. Infection in the transplanted and native lung after single lung transplantation. Chest 1993;104(3):681-685.
  25. Frist WH, Loyd JE, Merrill WH, et al. Single lung transplantation: a temporal look at rejection, infection, and survival. Am Surg 1994;60(2):94-102.
  26. Gryzan S, Paradis IL, Zeevi A, et al. Unexpectedly high incidence of pneumocystis carinii infection after lung-heart transplantation. Implications for lung defense and allograft survival. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;137(6):1268-1274.
  27. Paradis IL, Duncan SR, Dauber JH, et al. Distinguishing between infection, rejection, and the adult respiratory distress syndrome after human lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992;11(4Pt 2):S232-S236.
  28. McCabe RE. Diagnosis of pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients. Med Clin North Am 1988;72(5):1067-1089.
  29. Lake FR, Tribe AE, McAleer R, et al. Mixed allergic bronchopulmonary fungal disease due to Pseudallescheria boydii and aspergillus. Thorax 1990;45(6):489-491.
  30. Steinhoff G, Behrend M, Wagner TOF, Hoper MH, Haverich A. Early diagnosis and effective treatment of pulmonary CMV infection after lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1991;10(1 Pt 1):9-14.
  31. Nakhleh RE, Bolman RM III, Henke CA, et al. Lung transplant pathology. A comparative study of pulmonary acute rejection and cytomegaloviral infection. Am J Surg Pathol 1991;15(12):1197-1201.
  32. Keenan RJ, Lega ME, Dummer JS, et al. Cytomegalovirus serologic status and postoperative infection correlated with risk of developing chronic rejection after pulmonary transplantation. Transplantation 1991;51(2):433-438.
  33. Buffone GJ, Frost A, Samo T, et al. The diagnosis of CMV pneumonitis in lung and heart/lung transplant patients by PCR compared with traditional laboratory criteria. Transplantation 1993;56(2):342-347.
  34. Ohori NP, Michaels MG, Jaffe R, et al. Adenovirus pneumonia in lung transplant recipients. Hum Pathol 1995;26(10):1073-1079.
  35. Paradis IL, Williams P. Infection after lung transplantation. Semin Respir Infect 1993;8(3):207-215.

    Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

  36. Randhawa PS, Yousem SA, Paradis IL, et al. The clinical spectrum, pathology, and clonal analysis of Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorders in heart-lung transplant recipients. Am J Clin Pathol 1989;92(2):177-185.
  37. Yousem AS, Randhawa P, Locker J, Paradis IL, et al. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders in heart-lung transplant recipients: primary presentation in the allograft. Hum Pathol 1989;20(4):361-369.
  38. Randhawa PS, Yousem SA. Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disease in a heart-lung allograft. Demonstration of host origin by restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis. Transplantation 1990;49(1):126-130.
  39. Rosendale B, Yousem SA. Discrimination of Epstein-Barr related post-transplant lymphoproliferations from acute rejection in lung allograft recipients. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1995;119(5):418-423.
  40. Hoffmann DG, Gedebou M, Jimenez A, et al. Detection of Epstein-Barr virus by polymerase chain reaction in transbronchial biopsies of lung transplant recipients: Evidence of infection? Mod Pathol 1993;6(5):555-559.

    Histologic Tissue Reactions

  41. Tazelaar HD. Perivascular inflammation in pulmonary infections: implications for the diagnosis of lung rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 1991;10(3):437-441.
  42. Sibley RK, Berry GJ, Tazelaar HD, et al. The role of transbronchial biopsies in the management of lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 1993;12(2):308-324.
  43. Ohori NP, Iacono AT, Grgurich WF, et al. Significance of acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis in the lung transplant recipient. Am J Surg Pathol 1994;18(12):1192-1204.
  44. Hruban RH, Beschorner WE, Hutchins GM. Lymphocytic bronchitis and lung allograft rejection. Transplantation 1990;50(4):723.
  45. Yousem SA, Paradis IL, Dauber JA, et al. Large airway inflammation in heart-lung transplant recipients--its significance and prognostic implications. Transplantation 1990;49(3):654-656.
  46. Yousem SA. Lymphocytic bronchitis/bronchiolitis in lung allograft recipients. Am J Surg Pathol 1993;17(5):491-496.
  47. Yousem SA, Duncan SR, Griffith BP. Interstitial and airspace granulation tissue reactions in lung transplant recipients. Am J Surg Pathol 1992;16(9):877-884.
  48. Abernathy EC, Hruban RH, Baumgartner WA, et al. The two forms of bronchiolitis obliterans in heart-lung transplant recipients. Hum Pathol 1991;22(11):1102-1110.
  49. Yousem SA, Dauber JH, Griffith BP. Bronchial cartilage alterations in lung transplantation. Chest 1990;98(5):1121-1124.
  50. Frost AE, Keller CA, Cagle PT, et al. Severe ischemic injury to the proximal airway following lung transplantation. Multi-Organ Transplant Group. Chest 1993;103(6):1899-1901.
  51. Yousem SA. Graft eosinophilia in lung transplantation. Hum Pathol 1992;23(10):1172-1177.


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