CHAPTER 2

REFERENCES

GENERAL ASPECTS

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ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS

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24. Cole SM, Gowans EJ, Macnaughton TB, et al: Direct evidence for cytotoxicity associated with expression of hepatitis delta virus antigen. Hepatology 13: 845-851, 1991.

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28. DeCock KM, Bradley DW, Sandford NL, et al: Epidemic non-A, non-B hepatitis in patients from Pakistan. Ann Intern Med 106: 227-230, 1987.

29. Dienes HP, Hütteroth T, Bianchi L, et al: Hepatitis A-like non-A, non-B hepatitis: Light and electron microscopic observations of three cases. Virchows Arch [A] 409: 657-667, 1986.

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31. Dietrichson O, Juhl E, Christoffersen P, et al: Acute viral hepatitis. Factors possibly predicting chronic liver disease. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scan [A] 83: 183-185, 1975.

32. Eggink HF, Houthoff HJ, Huitema S, et al: Cellular and humoral immune reactions in chronic active liver disease. II. Lymphocyte subsets and viral antigens in liver biopsies of pateints with acute and chronic hepatitis B. Clin Exp Immunol 56: 121-128, 1984.

33. Everhart JE, Di Bisceglie AM, Murray LM, et al: Risk for non-A, non-B (type C) hepatitis through sexual or household contact with chronic carriers. Ann Intern Med 112: 544-545, 1990.

34. Fagan EA, Williams R: Non-A, non-B hepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 4: 314-335, 1984.

35. Farci P, Alter HJ, Wong D, et al: A long-term study of hepatitis C virus replication in non-A, non-B hepatitis. N Engl J Med 325: 98-104, 1991.

36. Fauerholdt L, Asnaes S, Ranek L, et al: Significance of suspected "chronic aggressive hepatitis" in acute hepatitis. Gastroenterology 73: 543-548, 1977.

37. Genesca J, Esteban JI, Alter HJ: Blood-borne non-A, non-B hepatitis: Hepatitis C. Semin Liver Dis 11: 147-164, 1991.

38. Gerber MA, Thung SN: Biology of disease. Molecular and cellular pathology of hepatitis B. Lab Invest 52: 572-590, 1985.

39. Gerber MA, Thung SN: The diagnostic value of immunohistochemical demonstration of hepatitis viral antigens in the liver. Hum Pathol 18: 771-774, 1987.

40. Gimson AE, O'Grady J, Ede RJ, et al: Late onset hepatic failure: Clinical, serological and histological features. Hepatology 6: 288-294, 1986.

41. Gordon SC, Reddy KR, Schiff L, Schiff ER: Prolonged intrahepatic cholestasis secondary to hepatitis A. Ann Intern Med 101: 635-637, 1984.

42. Govindarajan S, De Cock KM, Peters RL: Morphologic and immunohistochemical features of fulminant delta hepatitis. Hum Pathol 16: 262-267, 1985.

43. Govindarajan S, Kanel GC, De Cock KM, et al: Delta agent superinfection. Rapidly progressive liver disease in a hepatitis B virus carrier. Arch Pathol Lab Med 109: 395-397, 1985.

44. Govindarajan S, Uchida T, Peters RL: Identification of T lymphocytes and subsets in liver biopsy cores of acute viral hepatitis. Liver 3: 13-18, 1983.

45. Gust ID, Feinstone SM: Hepatitis A. Prog Liver Dis 9: 371-378, 1990.

46. Hasan F, Jeffers LJ, De Medina M, et al: Hepatitis C-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 12: 589-591, 1990.

47. Hoofnagle JH: Type D (delta) hepatitis. JAMA 261: 1321-1325, 1989.

48. Hoofnagle JH, Di Bisceglie AM: Serologic diagnosis of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 11: 73-83, 1991.

49. Houghton M, Weiner A, Han J, et al: Molecular biology of the hepatitis C viruses: Implications for diagnosis, development and control of viral disease. Hepatology 14: 381-388, 1991.

50. Houthoff HJ, Niermeijer P, Gips CH, et al: Hepatic morphologic findings and viral antigens in acute hepatitis B. A longitudinal study. Virchows Arch [A] 389: 153-166, 1980.

51. Howard CR: The biology of hepadnaviruses. J Gen Virol 67: 1215-1235, 1986.

52. Hsu HH, Wright TL, Luba D, et al: Failure to detect hepatitis C virus genome in human secretions with the polymerase chain reaction. Hepatology 14: 763-767, 1991.

53. Huang S-N, Fisher MM: Pathology of viral hepatitis. In Farber E, Phillips MJ, Kaufman N (eds): Pathogenesis of Liver Diseases. IAP monograph no. 28. Baltimore, 1987, Williams & Wilkins. pp153-198.

54. Ishak KG: Light microscopic morphology of viral hepatitis. Am J Clin Pathol 65: 787-827, 1976.

55. Jacobson IM, Nath BJ, Dienstag JL. Relapsing viral hepatitis type A. J Med Virol 16: 163-169, 1985.

56. Kane MA, Alter MJ, Hadler SC, Margolis HS: Hepatitis B infection in the United States. Recent trends and future strategies for control. Am J Med 87 (suppl 3A): 11S-13S, 1989.

57. Kiyosawa K, Sodeyama T, Tanaka E, et al: Interrelationship of blood transfusion, non-A, non-B hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma: Analysis by detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 12: 671-675, 1990.

58. Krawczynski K, Kuo G, DiBisceglie A, et al: Blood-borne non-A, non-B hepatitis (PT-NANB): Immunohistochemical identification of disease and hepatitis C virus-associated antigen(s) (abstract). Hepatology 10: 580, 1989.

59. Kryger P, Christoffersen P: Liver histopathology of the hepatitis A virus infection: a comparison with hepatitis type B and non-A, non-B. J Clin Pathol 36: 650-654, 1983.

60. Kryger P, Christoffersen P, the Copenhagen Hepatitis Acuta Programme. Light microscopic morphology of acute hepatitis non-A, non-B. A comparison with hepatitis type A and B. Liver 2: 200-206, 1982.

61. Kryger P, Schlichting P, Dietrichson O, Juhl E: The accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of acute hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease. Clinical versus morphological diagnosis. Scand J Gastroenterol 18: 691-696, 1983.

62. Kuo G, Choo Q-L, Alter HJ, et al: An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science 244: 362-364, 1989.

63. Lefkowitch JH, Apfelbaum TF, Weinberg L, Forester G: Acute liver biopsy lesions in early autoimmune ("lupoid") chronic active hepatitis. Liver 4: 379-386, 1984.

64. Lefkowitch JH, Goldstein H, Yatto R, Gerber MA: Cytopathic liver injury in acute delta virus hepatitis. Gastroenterology 92: 1262-1266, 1987.

65. Lemon SM: Type A viral hepatitis. New developments in an old disease. N Engl J Med 313: 1059-1067, 1985.

66. Lešni_ar G: A prospective study of viral hepatitis A and the question of chronicity. Hepatogastroenterology 35: 69-72, 1988.

67. Lettau LA, McCarthy JG, Smith MH, et al: Outbreak of severe hepatitis due to delta and hepatitis B viruses in parenteral drug abusers and their contacts. N Engl J Med 317: 1256-1262, 1987.

68. Margolis HS, Alter MJ, Hadler SC: Hepatitis B: Evolving epidemiology and implications for control. Semin Liver Dis 11: 84-92.

69. Mathiesen LR, Fauerholdt L, Møller AM, et al: Immunofluorescence studies for hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B surface and core antigen in liver biopsies from patients with acute viral hepatitis. Gastroenterology 77: 623-628, 1979.

70. McHutchison JG, Kuo G, Houghton M, et al: Hepatitis C virus antibodies in acute icteric and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. Gastroenterology 101: 1117-1119, 1991.

71. McIntyre N: Clinical presentation of acute viral hepatitis. Br Med Bull 46: 533-547, 1990.

72. Mietkiewski JM, Scheuer PJ: Immunoglobulin-containing plasma cells in acute hepatitis. Liver 5: 84-88, 1985.

73. Milich DR: Immune responses to hepatitis B virus proteins: Relevance of the murine model. Semin Liver Dis 11: 93-112, 1991.

74. Miller RH, Kaneko S, Chung CT, et al: Compact organization of the hepatitis B virus genome. Hepatology 9: 322-327, 1989.

75. Mondelli MU, Chisari FV, Ferrari C: The cellular immune response to nucleocapsid antigens in hepatitis B virus infection. Springer Semin Immunopathol 12: 25-31, 1990.

76. Mondelli M, Eddleston ALWF: Mechansims of liver cell injury in acute and chronic hepatitis B. Semin Liver Dis 4: 47-58, 1984.

77. Negro F, Bonino F, Di Bisceglie A, et al: Intrahepatic markers of hepatitis delta virus infection: A study by in situ hybridization. Hepatology 10: 916-920, 1989.

78. Nisman RM, Ganderson AP, Vlahcevic ZR, Gregory DH: Acute viral hepatitis with bridging hepatic necrosis. An overview. Arch Intern Med 139: 1289-1291, 1979.

79. Okuno T, Sano A, Deguchi T, et al: Pathology of acute hepatitis A in humans. Comparison with acute hepatitis B. Am J Clin Pathol 81: 162-169, 1984.

80. Omata M, Iwama S, Sumida M, et al: Clinico-pathological study of acute non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis: histological features of liver biopsies in acute phase. Liver 1: 201-208, 1981.

81. Peters RL: Viral hepatitis: a pathologic spectrum. Am J Med Sci 270: 17-31, 1975.

82. Peters R, Omata M, Aschavai M, et al: Protracted viral hepatitis with impaired regeneration. In Vyas G, Cohen S, Schmid R (eds): Viral Hepatitis: A Contemporary Assessment of Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Prevention. Philadelphia, 1978, The Franklin Institute Press. pp 79-84.

83. Petersen P, Christoffersen P, Elling P, et al: Acute viral hepatitis: A survey of 500 patients. Clinical, biochemical, immunological, and morphological features at time of diagnosis. Scand J Gastroenterol 9: 607-613, 1974.

84. Phillips MJ, Poucell S: Modern aspects of the morphology of viral hepatitis. Hum Pathol 12: 1060-1084, 1981.

85. Popper H, Thung SN, Gerber MA, et al: Histologic studies of severe delta agent infection in Venezuelan Indians. Hepatology 3: 906-912, 1983.

86. Purcell RH: Enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. Prog Liver Dis 9: 497-504, 1990.

87. Ramalingaswami V, Purcell RH: Waterborne non-A, non-B hepatitis. Lancet 1: 571-573, 1988.

88. Reyes GR, Purdy MA, Kim JP, et al: Isolation of a cDNA from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science 247: 1335-1339, 1990.

89. Rizzetto M: The delta agent. Hepatology 3: 729-737, 1983.

90. Rizzetto M, Ponzetto A, Forzani I: Epidemiology of hepatitis delta virus: Overview. Prog Clin Biol Res 364: 1-20, 1991.

91. Rubel LR, Ishak KG: The liver in fatal exertional heatstroke. Liver 3: 249-260, 1983.

92. Rugge M, Vanstapel M-J, Ninfo V, et al: Comparative histology of acute hepatitis B and non-A, non-B in Leuven and Padova. Virchows Arch [A] 401: 275-288, 1983.

93. Scheuer PJ, Maggi G: Hepatic fibrosis and collapse: histologic distinction by orcein staining. Histopathology 4: 487-490, 1980.

94. Schmid M, Pirovino M, Altorfer J, et al: Acute viral hepatitis B with bridging necrosis: a follow-up study. Liver 1: 222-229, 1981.

95. Schmid M, Pirovino M, Altorfer J, et al: Acute hepatitis non-A, non-B; are there any specific light microscopic features? Liver 2: 61-67, 1982.

96. Sciot R, Van Damme B, Desmet VJ: Cholestatic features in hepatitis A. J Hepatol 3: 172-181, 1986.

97. Searle J, Harmon BV, Bishop CJ, Kerr JFR: The significance of cell death by apoptosis in hepatobiliary disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2: 77-96, 1987.

98. Shih JW, Esteban Mur JI, Alter HJ: Non-A, non-B hepatitis: Advances and unfulfilled expectations of the first decade. Prog Liver Dis 8: 433-452, 1986.

99. Sjogren MH, Tanno H, Fay O, et al: Hepatitis A virus in stool during clinical relapse. Ann Intern Med 106: 221-226, 1987.

100. Spitz RD, Keren DF, Boitnott JK, Maddrey WC: Bridging hepatic necrosis. Etiology and prognosis. Dig Dis 23: 1076-1078, 1978.

101. Stevens CE, Taylor PE, Pindyck J, et al: Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus. A preliminary study in volunteer blood donors. JAMA 263: 49-53, 1990.

102. Teixeira MR Jr, Weller IVD, Murray A, et al: The pathology of hepatitis A in man. Liver 2: 53-60, 1982.

103. Thaler MM, Park C-K, Landers DV, et al: Vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus. Lancet 338: 17-18, 1991.

104. Thung SN, Gerber MA: The formation of elastic fibers in livers with massive hepatic necrosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 106: 468-469, 1982.

105. Uchida T, Kronborg I, Peters RL: Acute viral hepatitis: Morphologic and functional correlations in human livers. Hum Pathol 15: 267-277, 1984.

106. Vallbracht A, Grabiel P, Maier K, et al: Cell-mediated cytotoxicity in hepatitis A virus infection. Hepatology 6: 1308-1314, 1986.

107. Vanstapel MJ, van Steenbergen W, de Wolf-Peeters C, et al: Prognostic significance of piecemeal necrosis in acute viral hepatitis. Liver 3: 46-57, 1983.

108. Velazquez O, Stetler HC, Avila C, et al: Epidemic transmission of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis in Mexico, 1986-1987. JAMA 263: 3281-3285, 1990.

109. Vento S, Rondanelli EG, Ranieri S, et al: Prospective study of cellular immunity to hepatitis-B-virus antigens from the early incubation phase of acute hepatitis B. Lancet 2: 119-122, 1987.

110. Verme G, Amoroso P, Lettieri G, et al: A histological study of hepatitis delta virus liver disease. Hepatology 6: 1303-1307, 1986.

111. Villari D, Raimondo G, Brancatelli S, et al: Histological features in liver biopsy specimens of patients with acute reactivation of chronic type B hepatitis. Histopathology 18: 73-77, 1991.

112. Ware AJ, Cuthbert JA, Shorey J, et al: A prospective trial of steroid therapy in severe viral hepatitis. The prognostic significance of bridging necrosis. Gastroenterology 80: 219-224, 1981.

113. Ware AJ, Eigenbrodt EH, Combes B: Prognostic signficance of subacute hepatic necrosis in acute hepatitis. Gastroenterology 68: 519-524, 1975.

114. Wright TL, Hsu H, Donegan E, et al: Hepatitis C virus not found in fulminant non-A, non-B hepatitis. Ann Intern Med 115: 111-112, 1991.

115. Zeldis JB, Dienstag JL, Gale RP: Aplastic anemia and non-A, non-B hepatitis. Am J Med 78: 245-247, 1983.

116. Zuckerman AJ: Hepatitis E virus. The main cause of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. Br Med J 300: 1475-1476, 1990.

EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS

117. Ansari A, Grotte M: Acute hepatitis as a primary manifestation of infectious mononucleosis in a 53-year-old man. Am J Gastroenterol 79: 471-473, 1984.

118. Chang MY, Campbell WG Jr: Fatal infectious mononucleosis. Association with liver necrosis and herpes-like virus particles. Arch Pathol 99: 185-191, 1975.

119. Deutsch J, Wolf H, Becker H, et al: Demonstration of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in a previously healthy boy with fulminant hepatic failure. Eur J Pediatr 145: 94-98, 1986.

120. Gowing NF: Infectious mononucleosis: Histopathologic aspects. Pathol Annu 10: 1-20, 1975.

121. Ho M, Jaffe R, Miller G, et al: The frequency of Epstein-Barr virus infection and associated lymphoproliferative syndrome after transplantation and its manifestations in children. Transplantation 45: 719-727, 1988.

122. Horwitz CA, Henle W, Henle G, et al: Infectious mononucleosis is patients aged 40 to 72 years: Report of 27 cases, including 3 without heterophil-antibody responses. Medicine 62: 256-262, 1983.

123. Ishak KG: Granulomas of the liver. In Ioachim HL (ed): Pathology of Granulomas. New York, 1983, Raven Press. pp. 307-369.

124. Jacobson IM, Gang DL, Schapiro RH: Epstein-Barr viral hepatitis: An unusual case and review of the literature. Am J Gastroenterol 79: 628-631, 1984.

125. Kilpatrick ZM: Structural and functional abnormalities of liver in infectious mononucleosis. Arch Intern Med 117: 47-53, 1966.

126. Lloyd-Still JD, Scott JP, Crussi F: The spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis in children. Pediatr Pathol 5: 337-351, 1986.

127. Markin RS, Linder J, Zuerlein K, et al: Hepatitis in fatal infectious mononucleosis. Gastroenterology 93: 1210-1217, 1987.

128. Markin RS, Wood RP, Shaw BW Jr, et al: Immunohistologic identification of Epstein-Barr virus-induced hepatitis reactivation after OKT-3 therapy following orthotopic liver transplantation. Am J Gastroenterol 85: 1014-1018, 1990.

129. Nenert M, Mavier P, Dubuc N, et al: Epstein-Barr virus infection and hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas. Hum Pathol 19: 608-610, 1988.

130. Randhawa PS, Markin RS, Starzl TE, Demetris AJ: Epstein-Barr virus-associated syndromes in immunosuppressed liver transplant recipients. Clinical profile and recognition on routine allograft biopsy. Am J Surg Pathol 14: 538-547, 1990.

131. White NJ, Juel-Jensen BE: Infectious mononucleosis hepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 4: 301-306, 1984.

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

132. Alford CA, Stagno S, Pass RF, Britt WJ: Congenital and perinatal cytomegalovirus infections. Rev Infect Dis 12 (suppl 7): S745-S753, 1990.

133. Becroft DM: Prenatal cytomegalovirus infection: Epidemiology, pathology and pathogenesis. Perspect Pediatr Pathol 6: 203-241, 1981.

134. Bonkowsky HL, Lee RV, Klatskin G: Acute granulomatous hepatitis. Occurrence in cytomegalovirus mononucleosis. JAMA 233: 1284-1288, 1975.

135. Bronsther O, Makowka, Jaffe R, et al: Occurrence of cytomegalovirus hepatitis in liver transplant patients. J Med Virol 24: 423-434, 1988.

136. Finegold MJ, Carpenter RJ: Obliterative cholangitis due to cytomegalovirus: A possible precursor of paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts. Hum Pathol 13: 662-665, 1982.

137. Ghishan FK, Greene HL, Halter S, et al: Noncirrhotic portal hypertension following congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Hepatology 4: 684-686, 1984.

138. Griffiths PD: Cytomegalovirus and the liver. Semin Liver Dis 4: 307-313, 1984.

139. Henson DE, Grimley PM, Strano AJ: Postnatal cytomegalovirus hepatitits. An autopsy and liver biopsy study. Hum Pathol 5: 93-103, 1974.

140. Ho M: Epidemiology of cytomegalovirus infections. Rev Infect Dis 12 (suppl 7): S701-S710, 1990.

141. Jacobson MA, Mills J: Serious cytomegalovirus disease in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment. Ann Intern Med 108: 585-594, 1988.

142. Keh WC, Gerber MA: In situ hybridization for cytomegalovirus DNA in AIDS patients. Am J Pathol 131: 490-496, 1988.

143. Klatt EC, Shibata D: Cytomegalovirus infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clinical and autopsy findings. Arch Pathol Lab Med 112: 540-544, 1988.

144. Lobdell DH: "Ring" granulomas in cytomegalovirus hepatitis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 111: 881-882, 1987.

145. Lurie M, Elmalach I, Schuger L, Weintraub Z: Liver findings in infantile cytomegalovirus infection: similarity to extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Histopathology 11: 1171-1180, 1987.

146. Masih AS, Linder J, Shaw BW Jr, et al: Rapid identification of cytomegalovirus in liver allograft biopsies by in situ hybridization. Am J Surg Pathol 12: 362-367, 1988.

147. Paya CV, Hermans PE, Wiesner RH, et al: Cytomegalovirus hepatitis in liver transplantation: Prospective analysis of 93 consecutive orthotopic liver transplanatations. J Infect Dis 160: 752-758, 1989.

148. Paya CV, Holley KE, Wiesner RH, et al: Early diagnosis of cytomegalovirus hepatitis in liver transplant recipients: Role of immunostaining, DNA hybridization and culture of hepatic tissue. Hepatology 12: 1129-126, 1990.

149. Rabah R, Jaffe R: Early detection of cytomegalovirus in the allograft liver biopsy: A comparison of methods. Pediatr Pathol 7: 549-556, 1987.

150. Reller LB: Granulomatous hepatitis associated with acute cytomegalovirus infection. Lancet 1: 20-22, 1973.

151. Rubin RH: Impact of cytomegalovirus infection on organ transplant recipients. Rev Infect Dis 12 (suppl 7): S754-SS766, 1990.

152. Sacks SL, Freeman HJ: Cytomegalovirus hepatitis: Evidence for direct hepatic viral infection using monoclonal antibodies. Gastroenterology 86: 346-350, 1984.

153. Schneiderman DJ, Arenson DM, Cello JP, et al: Hepatic disease in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Hepatology 7: 925-930, 1987.

154. Shusterman NH, Frauenhoffer C, Kinsey MD: Fatal massive hepatic necrosis in cytomegalovirus infection. Ann Intern Med 88: 810-812, 1978.

155. Singh N, Dummer JS, Kusne S, et al: Infections with cytomegalovirus and other herpesviruses in 121 liver transplant recipients: Transmission by donated organ and the effect of OKT3 antibodies. J Infect Dis 158: 124-131, 1988.

156. Snover DC, Horwitz CA: Liver disease in cytomegalovirus mononucleosis: A light microscopical and immunoperoxidase study of six cases. Hepatology 4: 408-412, 1984.

157. Snover DC, Hutton S, Balfour HH Jr, Bloomer JR: Cytomegalovirus infection of the liver in transplant recipients. J Clin Gastroenterol 9: 659-665, 1987.

158. Stratta RJ, Shaefer MS, Markin RS, et al: Clinical patterns of cytomegalovirus disease after liver transplantation. Arch Surg 124: 1443-1450, 1989.

159. Strickler JG, Manivel JC, Copenhaver CM, Kubic VL: Comparison of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for detection of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus. Hum Pathol 21: 443-448, 1990.

160. Ten Napel CH, Houthoff HJ, The TH: Cytomegalovirus hepatitis in normal and immune compromised hosts. Liver 4: 184-194, 1984.

161. Vanstapel MJ, Desmet VJ: Cytomegalovirus hepatitis: A histological and immunohistochemical study. Appl Pathol 1: 41-49, 1983.

162. Wolber RA, Lloyd RV: Cytomegalovirus detection by nonisotopic in situ DNA hybrdization and viral antigen immunostaining using a two-color technique. Hum Pathol 19: 736-741, 1988.

163. Zuppan CW, Bui HD, Grill BG: Diffuse hepatic fibrosis in congenital cytomegalovirus infection. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 5: 489-491, 1986.

HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS

164. Benador N, Mannhardt W, Schranz D, et al: Three cases of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection presenting as fulminant hepatitis. Eur J Pediatr 149: 555-559, 1990.

165. Chase RA, Pottage JC Jr, Haber MH, et al: Herpes simplex viral hepatitis in adults: Two case reports and review of the literature. Rev Infect Dis 9: 329-333, 1987.

166. Corey L, Spear PG: Infections with herpes simplex viruses. N Engl J Med 314: 686-691 and 749-757, 1986.

167. Goodman ZD, Ishak KG, Sesterhenn IA: Herpes simplex hepatitis in apparently immunocompetent adults. Am J Clin Pathol 85: 694-699, 1986.

168. Klein NA, Mabie WC, Shaver DC, et al: Herpes simplex virus hepatitis in pregnancy. Two patients successfully treated with acyclovir. Gastroenterology 100: 239-244, 1991.

169. Kusne S, Schwartz M, Breinig MK, et al: Herpes simplex virus hepatitis after solid organ transplantation in adults. J Infect Dis 163: 1001-1007, 1991.

170. Raga J, Chrystal V, Coovadia HM: Usefulness of clinical features and liver biopsy in diagnosis of disseminated herpes simplex infection. Arch Dis Child 59: 820-824, 1984.

171. Singer DB: Pathology of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection. Perspect Pediatr Pathol 6: 242-278, 1981.

172. Whitley RJ: Natural history and pathogenesis of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. Ann NY Acad Sci 549: 103-117, 1988.

OTHER INFECTIOUS CAUSES

173. Ackerman Z, Flugelman MY, Wax Y, et al: Hepatitis during measles in young adults: Possible role of antipyretic drugs. Hepatology 10: 203-206, 1989.

174. Breitfeld V, Hashida Y, Sherman FE, et al: Fatal measles infection in children with leukemia. Lab Invest 28: 279-291, 1973.

175. Carmichael GP Jr, Zahradnik JM, Moyer GH, Porter DD: Adenovirus hepatitis in an immunosuppressed adult patient. Am J Clin Pathol 71: 352-355, 1979.

176. de Brito T, Marcondes Machado M, Montans SD, et al: Liver biopsy in human leptospirosis: A light and electron microscopy study. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 342: 61-69, 1967.

177. Demetris AJ: The pathology of liver transplantation. Prog Liver Dis 9: 687-709, 1990.

178. Dische MR, Gooch WM III: Congenital toxoplasmosis. Perspect Pediatr Pathol 6: 83-113, 1981.

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