CHAPTER 15

REFERENCES

 

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

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BENIGN HEPATOCELLULAR TUMORS

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37. Knowles DM II, Wolff M: Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. A clinicopathologic study and review of the literature. Hum Pathol 7: 533-545, 1976.

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40. Kondo F, Wada K, Nagato Y, et al: Biopsy diagnosis of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma based on new morphologic criteria. Hepatology 9: 751-755, 1989.

41. Lack EE, Ornvold K: Focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma: A review of eight cases in the pediatric age group. J Surg Oncol 33: 129-135, 1986.

42. Le Bail B, Jouhanole H, Deugnier Y, et al: Liver adenomatosis with granulomas in two patients on long-term oral contraceptives. Am J Surg Pathol 16: 982-987, 1992.

43. Lui AFK, Hiratzka LF, Hirose FM: Multiple adenomas of the liver. Cancer 45: 1001-1004, 1980.

44. Malatjalian DA, Graham CH: Liver adenoma with granulomas. The appearance of granulomas in oral contraceptive-related hepatocellular adenoma and in the surrounding nontumorous liver. Arch Pathol Lab Med 106: 244-246, 1982.

45. Masood S, West AB, Barwick KW: Expression of steroid hormone receptors in benign hepatic tumors. An immunocytochemical study. Arch Pathol Lab Med 116: 1355-1359, 1992.

46. Mathieu D, Bruneton JN, Drouillard J, et al: Hepatic adenomas and focal nodular hyperplasia: Dynamic CT study. Radiology 160: 53-58, 1986.

47. Mathieu D, Zafrani ES, Anglade M, et al: Association of focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic hemangioma. Gastroenterology 97: 154-157, 1989.

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50. Nagato Y, Kondo F, Kondo Y, et al: Histological and morphometrical indications for a biopsy diagnosis of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 14: 473-478, 1991.

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55. Palmer PE, Christopherson WM, Wolfe HJ: alpha-1-antitrypsin. Protein marker in oral contraceptive-associated hepatic tumors. Am J Clin Pathol 68: 736-739, 1977.

56. Parker P, Burr I, Slonim A, et al: Regression of hepatic adenomas in type Ia glycogen storage disease wtih dietary therapy. Gastroenterology 81: 534-536, 1981.

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59. Rhodes RH, Marchildon MB, Luebke DC, et al: A mixed hamartoma of the liver. Light and electron microscopy. Hum Pathol 9: 211-221, 1978.

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62. Salisbury JR, Portmann BC: Oncocytic liver cell adenoma. Histopathology 11: 533-539, 1987.

63. Scott LD, Katz AR, Duke JH, et al: Oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. JAMA 251: 1461-1463, 1984.

64. Shortell CK, Schwartz SI: Hepatic adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia. Surg Gynecol Obstet 173: 426-431, 1991.

65. Steinbrecher UP, Lisbona R, Huang SN, et al: Complete regression of hepatocellular adenomas after withdrawl of oral contraceptives. Dig Dis Sci 26: 1045-1050, 1981.

66. Stocker JT, Ishak KG: Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: A study of 21 pediatric cases. Cancer 48: 336-345, 1981.

67. Takayama T, Makuuchi M, Hirohashi S, et al: Malignant transformation of adenomatous hyperplasia to hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 336: 1150-1153, 1990.

68. Tao L-C: Oral contraceptive-associated liver cell adenoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cytomorphology and mechanism of malignant transformation. Cancer 68: 341-347, 1991.

69. Terada T, Hoso M, Nakanuma Y: Mallory body clustering in adenomatous hyperplasia in human cirrhotic livers: Report of four cases. Hum Pathol 20: 886-890, 1989.

70. Terada T, Nakanuma Y: Cell proliferative activity in adenomatous hyperplasia of the liver and small hepatocellular carcinoma. An immunohistochemical study demonstrating proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Cancer 70: 591-598, 1992.

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72. Terasaki S, Terada T, Nakanuma Y, et al: Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions and alpha-fetoprotein in adenomatous hyperplasia in human cirrhotic livers. Am J Clin Pathol 95: 850-857, 1991.

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74. Theise ND, Schwartz M, Miller C, et al: Macroregenerative nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma in forty-four sequential adult liver explants with cirrhosis. Hepatology 16: 949-955, 1992.

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174. Kew MC, Popper H: Relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis 4: 136-146, 1984.

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177. Kiyosawa K, Sodeyama T, Tanaka E, et al: Interrelationship of blood transfusion, non-A, non-B hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma: Analysis by detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 12: 671-675, 1990.

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199. Melia WM, Johnson PJ, Neuberger J, et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis: Detection by α-fetoprotein estimation. Gastroenterology 87: 660-663, 1984.

200. Melia WM, Wilkinson ML, Portmann BC, et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma in the non-cirrhotic liver: a comparison with that complicating cirrhosis. Q J Med 53: 391-400, 1984.

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210. Nakanuma Y, Terada T, Doishita K, et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis: An autopsy study. Hepatology 11: 1010-1016, 1990.

211. Nakashima T, Kojiro M: Hepatocellular Carcinoma. An Atlas of its Pathology. Toyko, 1987, Springer-Verlag.

212. Nakashima T, Kojiro M: Pathologic characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 6: 259-266, 1986.

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214. Nakashima T, Okuda K, Kijiro M, et al: Pathology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan: 232 consecutive cases autopsied in ten years. Cancer 51: 863-877, 1983.

215. Neuberger J, Forman D, Doll R, et al: Oral contraceptives and hepatocellular carcinoma. Br Med J 292: 1355-1357, 1986.

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218. Niederau C, Fischer R, Sonnenberg A, et al: Survival and causes of death in cirrhotic and in noncirrhotic patients with primary hemochromatosis. N Engl J Med 313: 1256-1262, 1985.

219. Noguchi S, Yamamoto R, Tatsuta M, et al: Cell features and patterns in fine-needle aspirates of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 58: 321-328, 1986.

220. Nørgaard T, Bardram L: Endocrine liver tumor differential diagnosis from hepatocellular carcinoma. Histopathology 9: 777-778, 1985.

221. Ogawa K, Kim YC, Nakashima Y, et al: Expression of epithelial markers in sarcomatoid carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study. Histopathology 11: 511-522, 1987.

222. Ohnishi K, Tanabe Y, Ryu M, et al: Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than 5 cm in relation to treatment: study of 100 patients. Hepatology 7: 1285-1290, 1987.

223. Okuda K: Early recognition of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 6: 729-738, 1986.

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227. Okuda K, Nakashima T, Kojiro M, et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis in Japanese patients. Gastroenterology 97: 140-146, 1989.

228. Okuda K, Nakashima T, Obata H, et al: Clinicopathologic studies of minute hepatocellular carcinoma. Analysis of 20 cases, including 4 with hepatic resection. Gastroenterology 73: 109-115, 1977.

229. Okuda K, Nakashima T, Sakamoto K, et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma arising in noncirrhotic and highly cirrhotic livers. A comparative study of histopathology and frequency of hepatitis B markers. Cancer 49: 450-455, 1982.

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248. Roncalli M, Borzio M, De Biagi G, et al: Liver cell dysplasia in cirrhosis. A serologic and immunohistochemical study. Cancer 57: 1515-1521, 1986.

249. Roncalli M, Borzio, Tombesi MV, et al: A morphometric study of liver cell dysplasia. Hum Pathol 19: 471-474, 1988.

250. Ross JS, Kurian S: Clear cell hepatocellular carcinoma: Sudden death from severe hypoglycemia. Am J Gastroenterol 80: 188-194, 1985.

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253. Sakamoto M, Hirohashi S, Tsuda H, et al: Multicentric independent development of hepatocellular carcinoma revealed by analysis of hepatitis B virus integration pattern. Am J Surg Pathol 13: 1064-1067, 1989.

254. Sasaki K, Okuda S, Takahashi M, et al: Hepatic clear cell carcinoma associated with hypoglycemia and hypercholesterolemia. Cancer 47: 820-822, 1981.

255. Sato Y, Fujiwara K, Nakagawa S, et al: A case of spontaneous regression of hepatocellular carcinoma with bone metastases. Cancer 56: 667-671, 1985.

256. Sciot R, Paterson AC, van Eyken P, et al: Transferrin receptor expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study of 34 cases. Histopathology 12: 53-63, 1988.

257. Shafritz DA, Shouval D, Sherman HI, et al: Integration of hepatitis B virus DNA into the genome of liver cells in chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 305: 1067-1073, 1981.

258. Sheu J-C, Sung J-L, Chen D-S, et al: Growth rate of asymptomatic hepatocellular carcinoma nad its clinical implications. Gastroenterology 89: 259-266, 1985.

259. Simonetti RG, Cammà C, Fiorello F, et al: Hepatitis C virus infection as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis. A case-control study. Ann Intern Med 116: 97-102, 1992.

260. Smalley SR, Moertel CG, Hilton JF, et al: Hepatoma in the noncirrhotic liver. Cancer 62: 1414-1424, 1988.

261. Stromeyer FW, Ishak KG, Gerber MA, et al: Ground-glass cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 74: 254-258, 1980.

262. Sumithran E, Looi LM: Copper-binding protein in liver cells. Hum Pathol 16: 677-682, 1985.

263. Sutton FM, Russell NC, Guinee VF, et al: Factors affecting the prognosis of primary liver carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 6: 321-328, 1988.

264. Suzuki K, Uchida T, Horiuchi R, et al: Localization of hepatitis B surface and core antigens in human hepatocellular carcinoma by immunoperoxidase methods. Replication of complete virions of carcinoma cells. Cancer 56: 321-327, 1985.

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266. Tang ZY, Yu YQ, Zhou XD, et al: Surgery of small hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of 144 cases. Cancer 64: 536-541, 1989.

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268. Thung SN, Gerber MA, Sarno E, et al: Distribution of five antigens in hepatocellular carcinoma. Lab Invest 41: 101-105, 1979.

269. Tobe K, Tsucyhiya T, Fujiwara R, et al: Kupffer cells in well-differentiated tissue of hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Hepatol Jpn 26: 630-637, 1985.

270. Tsukuma H, Hiyama T, Tanaka S, et al: Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic liver disease. N Engl J Med 328: 1797-1801, 1993.

271. Uchida T, Miyata H, Shikata T: Human hepatocellular carcinoma and putative precancerous disorders. Their enzyme histochemical study. Arch Pathol Lab Med 105: 180-186, 1981.

272. Ugarte N, Gonzalez-Crussi F: Hepatoma in siblings with progressive familial cholestatic cirrhosis of childhood. Am J Clin Pathol 76: 172-177, 1981.

273. Van Eyken P, Sciot R, Paterson A, et al: Cytokeratin expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study. Hum Pathol 19: 562-568, 1988.

274. Wang J, Dhillon AP, Sankey EA, et al: 'Neuroendocrine' differentiation in primary neoplasms of the liver. J Pathol 163: 61-67, 1991.

275. Wang KK, Czaja AJ: Hepatocellular carcinoma in corticosteroid-treated severe autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Hepatology 8: 1679-1683, 1988.

276. Watanabe S, Okita K, Harada T, et al: Morphologic studies of the liver cell dysplasia. Cancer 51: 2197-2205, 1983.

277. Weinberg AG, Finegold MJ: Primary hepatic tumors of childhood. Hum Pathol 14: 512-537, 1983.

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279. Wood WJ, Rawlings M, Evans H, et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma: Importance of histologic classification as a prognostic factor. Am J Surg 155: 663-666, 1988.

280. Wu PC, Lai CL, Lam KC, et al: Clear cell carcinoma of the liver. An ultrastructural study. Cancer 52: 504-507, 1983.

281. Zaman SN, Johnson PJ, Williams R: Silent cirrhosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Implications for screening in high-incidence and low-incidence areas. Cancer 65: 1607-1610, 1990.

282. Zaman SN, Melia WM, Johnson RD, et al: Risk factors in development of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: Prospective study of 613 patients. Lancet 1: 1357-1360, 1985.

FIBROLAMELLAR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

283. Albaugh JS, Keeffe EB, Krippaehne WW: Recurrent obstructive jaundice caused by fibrolamellar carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 29: 762-767, 1984.

284. Baithun SI, Pollock DJ: Oncocytic hepatocellular tumour. Histopathology 7: 107-112, 1983.

285. Berman MA, Burnham JA, Sheahan DG: Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver: An immunohistochemical study of nineteen cases and a review of the literature. Hum Pathol 19: 784-794, 1988.

286. Berman MM, Libbey NP, Foster JH: Hepatocellular carcinoma. Polygonal cell type with fibrous stroma -- An atypical variant with a favorable prognosis. Cancer 46: 1448-1455, 1980.

287. Caballero T, Aneiros J, Lopez-Caballero J, et al: Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Histopathology 9: 445-456, 1985.

288. Craig JR, Peters RL, Edmondson HA, et al: Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver: A tumor of adolescents and young adults with distinctive clinico-pathologic features. Cancer 46: 372-379, 1980.

289. Eckstein RP, Bambach CP, Stiel D, et al: Fibrolamellar carcinoma as a cause of bile duct obstruction. Pathology 20: 326-331, 1988.

290. Farhi DC, Shikes RH, Silverberg SG: Ultrastructure of fibrolamellar oncocytic hepatoma. Cancer 50: 702-709, 1982.

291. Friedman AC, Lichtenstein JE, Goodman Z, et al: Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiology 157: 583-587, 1985.

292. Hodgson HJF: Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver. J Hepatol 5: 241-247, 1987.

293. Ihde DC, Mathews MJ, Makuch MJ, et al: Prognostic factors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving systemic chemotherapy: Identification of two groups of patients with prospects for prolonged survival. Am J Med 78: 399-406, 1985.

294. Jagirdar J, Ishak KG, Colombo M, et al: Fibronectin patterns in hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance. Cancer 56: 1643-1648, 1985.

295. Lefkowitch JH, Muschel R, Price JB, et al: Copper and copper-binding protein in fibrolamellar liver cell carcinoma. Cancer 51: 97-100, 1983.

296. Nagorney DM, Adson MA, Weiland LH, et al: Fibrolamellar hepatoma. Am J Surg 149: 113-118, 1985.

297. Nerlich AG, Majewski S, Hunzelmann N, et al: Excessive collagen formation in fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver: A morphological and biochemical study. Mod Pathol 5: 580-585, 1992.

298. Paradinas FJ, Melia WM, Wilkinson ML, et al: High serum vitamin B12 binding capacity as a marker of the fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma. Br Med J 285: 840-842, 1982.

299. Payne CM, Nagle RB, Paplanus SH, et al: Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver: A primary malignant oncocytic carcinoid? Ultrastruct Pathol 10: 539-552, 1986.

300. Saul SH, Titelbaum DS, Gansler TS, et al: The fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma. Its association with focal nodular hyperplasia. Cancer 60: 3049-3055, 1987.

301. Soreide O, Czemiak A, Bradpiece H, et al: Characteristics of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: A study of nine cases and a review of the literature. Am J Surg 151: 518-523, 1986.

302. Starzl TE, Iwatsuki S, Shaw BW, et al: Treatment of fibrolamellar hepatoma with partial or total hepatectomy and transplantation of the liver. Surg Gynecol Obstet 162: 145-148, 1986.

303. Suen KC, Magee JF, Halparin LS, et al: Fine needle aspiration cytology of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carinoma. Acta Cytol 29: 867-872, 1984.

304. Teitelbaum DH, Tuttle S, Carey LC, et al: Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver: Review of three cases and the presentation of a characteristic set of tumor markers defining this tumor. Ann Surg 202: 36-41, 1985.

305. Van Eyken P, Sciot R, Brock P, et al: Abundant expression of cytokeratin 7 in fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver. Histopathology 17: 101-107, 1990.

306. Vecchio FM, Fabiano A, Ghirlanda G, et al: Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver: The malignant counterpart of focal nodular hyperplasia with oncocytic change. Am J Clin Pathol 81: 521-526, 1984.

307. Wong LK, Link DP, Frey CF, et al: Fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma: Radiology, management and pathology. AJR 139: 172-175, 1982.

HEPATOBLASTOMA

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309. Buckely JD, Sather H, Ruccione K, et al: A case-control study of risk factors for hepatoblastoma: A report from the Children's Cancer Study Group. Cancer 64: 1169-1176, 1989.

310. Conran RM, Hitchcock CL, Waclawiw MA, et al: Hepatoblastoma: The prognostic significance of histologic type. Pediatr Pathol 12: 167-183, 1992.

311. Dehner LP, Manivel JC: Hepatoblastoma: An analysis of the relationship between morphologic subtypes and prognosis. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 10: 301-307, 1988.

312. Douglass EC, Reynolds M, Finegold M, et al: Cisplatin, vincristine, and fluorouracil therapy for hepatoblastoma: A Pediatric Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 11: 96-99, 1993.

313. Feusner JH, Krailo MD, Haas JE, et al: Treatment of pulmonary metastases of initial stage I hepatoblastoma in children. Report from the Childrens Cancer Group. Cancer 71: 859-863, 1993.

314. Forouhar FA, Quinn JJ, Cooke R, et al: The effect of chemotherapy on hepatoblastoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 108: 311-314, 1984.

315. Gonzalez-Crussi F: Undifferentiated small cell ("anaplastic") hepatoblastoma. Pediatr Pathol 11: 155-161, 1991.

316. Gonzalez-Crussi F, Upton MP, Maurer HS: Hepatoblastoma. Attempt at characterization of histologic subtypes. Am J Surg Pathol 6: 599-612, 1982.

317. Haas JE, Muczynski KA, Krailo M, et al: Histopathology and prognosis in childhood hepatoblastoma and hepatocarcinoma. Cancer 64: 1082-1095, 1989.

318. Hata Y, Ishizu H, Ohmori K, et al: Flow cytometric analysis of the nuclear DNA content of hepatoblastoma. Cancer 68: 2566-2570, 1991.

319. Hughes LJ, Michels VV: Risk of hepatoblastoma in familial adenomatous polyposis. Am J Med Genet 43: 1023-1025, 1992.

320. Ishak KG, Glunz PR: Hepatoblastoma and hepatocarcinoma in infancy and childhood. Report of 47 cases. Cancer 20: 397-422, 1967.

321. Ito E, Sato Y, Kawauchi K, et al: Type Ia glycogen storage disease with hepatoblastoma in siblings. Cancer 59: 1776-1780, 1987.

322. Joshi VV, Kaur P, Ryan B, et al: Mucoid anaplastic hepatoblastoma. Cancer 54: 2035-2039, 1984.

323. Kasai M, Watanabe I: Histologic classification of liver cell carcinoma in infancy and childhood and its clinical evaluation. A study of 70 cases collected in Japan. Cancer 24: 551-563, 1970.

324. Kingston JE, Herbert A, Draper GJ, et al: Association between hepatoblastoma and polyposis coli. Arch Dis Child 58: 959-962, 1983.

325. Koneru B, Flye MW, Busuttil RW, et al: Liver transplantation for hepatoblastoma. The American experience. Ann Surg 213: 118-121, 1991.

326. Lack EE, Neave C, Vawter GF: Hepatoblastoma. A clinical and pathologic study of 54 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 6: 693-705, 1982.

327. Mahour GH, Wogu GU, Siegel MM, et al: Improved survival in infants and children with primary malignant liver tumors. Am J Surg 146: 236-240, 1983.

328. Manivel C, Wick MR, Abenoza P, et al: Teratoid hepatoblastoma. The nosologic dilemma of solid embryonic neoplasms of childhood. Cancer 57: 2168-2174, 1986.

329. Miller JH, Greenspan BS: Integrated imaging of hepatic tumors in childhood. I. Malignant lesions (primary and metastatic). Radiology 145: 83-90, 1985.

330. Morinaga S, Yamaguchi M, Watanabe I, et al: An immunohistochemical study of hepatoblastoma producing human chorionic gonadotropin. Cancer 51: 1647-1652, 1983.

331. Nakagawara A, Ikeda K, Tsuneyoshi M, et al: Hepatoblastoma producing both alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin. Clinicopathological analysis of four cases and review of the literature. Cancer 56: 1638-1642, 1985.

332. Napoli VM, Campbell WG Jr: Hepatoblastoma in infant sister and brother. Cancer 39: 2647-2650, 1977.

333. Ruck P, Harms D, Kaiserling E: Neuroendocrine differentiation in hepatoblastoma. An immunohistochemical investigation. Am J Surg Pathol 14: 847-855, 1990.

334. Ruck P, Kaiserling E: Extracellular matrix in hepatoblastoma: an immunohistochemical investigation. Histopathology 21: 115-126, 1992.

335. Schiødt J: Hepatoblastoma and hepatocarcinoma in infancy and childhood. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 212: 181-192, 1970.

336. Schmidt D, Harms D, Lang W: Primary malignant tumors in childhood. Virchows Arch 407 [A]: 387-405, 1985.

337. Stocker JT, Ishak KG: Hepatoblastoma. In Okuda K, Ishak KG (eds): Neoplasms of the liver. Toyko, 1987, Springer-Verlag.

338. Tsao MS, Grisham JW: Hepatocarcinomas, cholangiocarcinomas, and hepatoblastomas produced by chemically transformed rat liver epithelial cells: A light- and electron-microscopic analysis. Am J Pathol 127: 168-181, 1987.

339. Van Eyken P, Sciot R, Callea F, et al: A cytokeratin-immunohistochemical study of hepatoblastomas. Hum Pathol 21: 302-308, 1990.

340. Wakely PE Jr, Silverman JF, Geisinger KR, et al: Fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology of hepatoblastoma. Mod Pathol 3: 688-693, 1990.

341. Weinberg AG, Finegold MJ: Primary hepatic tumors in childhood. In Finegold M (ed): Pathology of Neoplasia in Children and Adolescents. Major problems in pathology, vol 18. Philadelphia, 1986, WB Saunders Company.

342. Young JL Jr, Ries LG, Silverberg E, et al: Cancer incidence, survival, and mortality for children younger than age 15 years. Cancer 58: 598-602, 1986.

BENIGN BILIARY EPITHELIAL TUMORS

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344. Allaire GS, Rabin L, Ishak Kg, et al: Bile duct adenoma. A study of 152 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 12: 708-715, 1988.

345. Burns CD, Kuhns JG, Wieman TJ: Cholangiocarcinoma in association with multiple biliary microhamartomas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 114: 1287-1289, 1990.

346. Dekker A, Ten Kate FJW, Terpstra OT: Cholangiocarcinoma associated with multiple bile-duct hamartomas of the liver. Dig Dis Sci 34: 952-958, 1989.

347. Desmet VJ: Congenital diseases of intrahepatic bile ducts: Variations on the theme "ductal plate malformation". Hepatology 16: 1069-1083, 1992.

348. Forrest ME, Cho KJ, Shields JJ, et al: Biliary cystadenomas: Sonographic-angiographic-pathologic correlations. AJR 135: 723-727, 1980.

349. Foucar E, Kaplan LR, Gold JH, et al: Well-differentiated peripheral cholangiocarcinoma with an unusual clinical course. Gastroenterology 77: 347-353, 1979.

350. Gouma DJ, Mutum SS, Benjamin IS, et al: Intrahepatic biliary papillomatosis. Br J Surg 71: 72-74, 1984.

351. Govindarajan S, Peters RL: The bile duct adenoma. A lesion distinct from Meyenberg complex. Arch Pathol Lab Med 108: 922-924, 1984.

352. Honda N, Cobb C, Lechago J: Bile duct carcinoma associated with multiple von Meyenberg complexes in the liver. Hum Pathol 17: 1287-1290, 1986.

353. Ishak KG: New development in diagnostic liver pathology. In Farber E, Phillips MJ, Kaufman N (eds): Pathogenesis of Liver Disease. IAP monograph no. 28. Baltimore, 1987, Williams & Wilkins.

354. Ishak KG, Willis GW, Cummins SD, et al: Biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma. Report of 14 cases and review of the literature. Cancer 38: 322-338, 1977.

355. Karhunen PJ: Adult polycystic liver disease and biliary microhamartomas (von Meyenburg's complexes). Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand [A] 94: 397-400, 1986.

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357. Mercadier M, Bodard M, Fingerhut A, et al: Papillomatosis of the intrahepatic bile ducts. World J Surg 8: 30-35, 1984.

358. Neumann RD, LiVolsi VA, Rosenthal NS, et al: Adenocarcinoma in biliary papillomatosis. Gastroenterology 70: 779-782, 1976.

359. Padfield CJH, Ansell ID, Furness PN: Mucinous biliary papillomatosis: a tumour in need of wider recognition. Histopathology 13: 687-694, 1988.

360. Popovsky MA, Costa JC, Doppman JL: Meyenberg complexes of the liver and bile cysts as a consequence of hepatic ischemia. Hum Pathol 10: 425-432, 1979.

361. Ramos A, Torres VE, Holley KE, et al: The liver in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Implications for pathogenesis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 114: 180-184, 1990.

362. Terada T, Nakanuma Y, Ohta T, et al: Mucin-histchemical and immunohistochemical profiles of epithelial cells of several types of hepatic cysts. Virchows Arch 419 [A]: 499-504, 1991.

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364. Van Steenbergen W, Ponette E, Marchal G, et al: Cystadenoma of the common bile duct demonstrated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography: An uncommon cause of extrahepatic obstruction. Am J Gastroenterol 79: 466-470, 1984.

365. Veloso FT, Ribeiro AT, Teixeira A, et al: Biliary papillomatosis: Report of a case with 5-year follow-up. Am J Gastroenterol 78: 645-648, 1983.

366. Wheeler DA, Edmondson HA: Cystadenoma with mesenchymal stroma (CMS) in the liver and bile ducts. A clinicopathologic study of 17 cases, 4 with malignant change. Cancer 56: 1434-1445, 1985.

INTRAHEPATIC CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA

367. Axiotis CA, Walker-Smith GJ: Sclerosing carcinoma of the right hepatic duct at the portal hepatis. Anicteric presentation of early hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 77: 414-418, 1982.

368. Barr RJ, Hancock DE: Adenosquamous carcinoma of the liver. Gastroenterology 69: 1326-1330, 1975.

369. Bloustein PA: Association of carcinoma with congenital cystic conditions of the liver and bile ducts. Am J Gastroenterol 67: 40-46, 1983.

370. Blumgart LH, Thompson JN: The management of malignant strictures of the bile duct. Curr Probl Surg 24: 69-127, 1987.

371. Bonetti F, Chilosi M, Pisa R, et al: Epithelial membrane antigen expression in cholangiocarcinoma. An useful immunohistochemical tool for differential diagnosis with hepatocarcinoma. Virchows Arch 401 [A]: 307-313, 1983.

372. Bosma A: Surgical pathology of cholangiocarcinoma of the liver hilus (Klatskin tumor). Semin Liv Dis 10: 85-90. 1990.

373. Bruggen JT, McPhee MS, Bhatia PS, et al: Primary adenocarcinoma of the bile ducts. Clinical characteristics and natural history. Dig Dis Sci 31: 840-846, 1986.

374. Cameron JL, Pitt HA, Zinner MJ, et al: Management of proximal cholangiocarcinoma by surgical resection and radiotherapy. Am J Surg 159: 91-98, 1990.

375. Chen KTK: Adenocarcinoma of the liver. Association with congenital hepatic fibrosis and Caroli's disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med 105: 294-295, 1981.

376. Chen MF, Jan YY, Wang CS, et al: Clinical experience in 20 hepatic resections for peripheral cholangiocarcinomas. Cancer 64: 2226-2230, 1989.

377. Chou ST, Chan CW, Ng WL: Mucin histochemistry of human cholangiocarcinoma. J Pathol 118: 165-170, 1976.

378. Daroca PJ, Tuthill R, Reed RJ: Cholangiocarcinoma arising in congenital hepatic fibrosis. Arch Pathol 99: 592-595, 1975.

379. Fozard JBJ, Wyatt JI, Hall RI: Epithelial dysplasia in Caroli's disease. Gut 30: 1150-1153, 1989.

380. Imamura M, Miyashita T, Tani T, et al: Cholangiocellular carcinoma associated with multiple liver cysts. Am J Gastroenterol 79: 790-795, 1984.

381. Jovanovic R, Jagirdar J, Thung SN, et al: Blood-group-related antigen Lewisx and Lewisy in the differential diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 113: 139-142, 1989.

382. Kim YI, Yu ES, Kim ST: Intraductal variant of peripheral cholangiocarcinoma of the liver with Clonorchis sinensis infection. Cancer 63: 1562-1266, 1989.

383. Klatskin G: Adenocarcinoma of the hepatic duct at its bifurcation within the porta hepatis: An unusual tumor with distinctive clinical and pathological features. Am J Med 38: 241-256, 1965.

384. Koga A, Ichimiya H, Yamaguchi K, et al: Hepatolithiasis associated with cholangiocarcinoma. Possible etiologic significance. Cancer 55: 2826-2829, 1985.

385. Kurashina M, Kozuka S, Nakasima N, et al: Relationship to intrahepatic bile duct hyperplasia to cholangiocellular carcinoma. Cancer 61: 2469-2474, 1988.

386. Mori W, Nagasako K: Cholangiocarcinoma and related lesions. In Okuda K, Peters RL (eds): Hepatocellular carcinoma. New York, 1976, John Wiley & Sons.

387. Nakanuma Y, Terada T, Tanaka Y, et al: Are hepatolithiasis and cholangiocarcinoma aetiologically related? A morphological study of 12 cases of hepatolithiasis associated with cholangiocarcinoma. Virchows Arch 406 [A]: 45-58, 1985.

388. Nakajima T, Kondo Y: Well-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma: Diagnostic significance of morphologic and immunohistochemical parameters. Am J Surg Pathol 13: 569-573, 1989.

389. Nakajima T, Kondo Y, Miyazaki M, et al: A histopathologic study of 102 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Histologic classification and modes of spreading. Hum Pathol 19: 1228-1234, 1988.

390. Nichols DA, MacCarty RL, Gaffey TA: Cholangiographic evaluation of bile duct carcinoma. AJR 141: 1291-1294, 1983.

391. Pastolero GC, Wakabayashi T, Oka T, et al: Tissue polypeptide antigen -- a marker differentiating cholangiolar tumors from other hepatic tumors. Am J Clin Pathol 87: 168-173, 1987.

392. Pianzola LE, Drut R: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the liver. Am J Clin Pathol 56: 758-761, 1971.

393. Qualman SJ, Haupt HM, Bauer TW, et al: Adenocarcinoma of the hepatic duct junction. A reappraisal of the histologic criteria of malignancy. Cancer 53: 1545-1551, 1984.

394. Rossi RL, Silverman ML, Braasch JW, et al: Carcinomas arising in cystic conditions of the bile ducts. A clinical and pathologic study. Ann Surg 205: 377-384, 1987.

395. Rubel LR, Ishak KG: Thorotrast-associated cholangiocarcinoma. An epidemiologic and clinicopathologic study. Cancer d50: 1408-1415, 1982.

396. Schwartz DA: Cholangiocarcinoma associated with liver fluke infection: A preventable source of morbidity in Asian immigrants. Am J Gastroenterol 81: 76-79, 1986.

397. Steiner PE, Higginson J: Cholangiocellular carcinoma of the liver. Cancer 12: 753-759, 1959.

398. Stromeyer FW, Smith DH, Ishak KG: Anabolic steroid therapy and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer 43: 440-443, 1979.

399. Sugihara S, Kojiro M: Pathology of cholangiocarcinoma. In Okuda K, Ishak KG (eds): Neoplasms of the liver. Toyko, 1987, Springer-Verlag.

400. Suzuki M, Takahashi T, Ouchi K, et al: The development and extension of of hepatohilar bile duct carcinoma. A three-dimensional tumor mapping in the intrahepatic biliary tree visualized with the aid of a graphics computer system. Cancer 64: 658-666, 1989.

401. Terada T, Nakanuma Y: An immunohistochemical survey of amylase isoenzymes in cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 117: 160-162, 1993.

402. Terada T, Nakanuma Y: Pathological observations of intrahepatic peribiliary glands in 1,000 consecutive autopsy livers. II. A possible source of cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology 12: 92-97, 1990.

403. Tomioka T, Tsunoda T, Harada N, et al: Adenosquamous carcinoma of the liver. Am J Gastroenterol 82: 1203-1206, 1987.

404. Van Leeuwen DJ, Huibregtse K, Tytgat GNJ: Carcinoma of the hepatic confluence 25 years after Klatskin's description: Diagnosis and endoscopic management. Semin Liv Dis 10: 102-113, 1990.

405. Voyles CR, Smadja C, Shands WC, Blumgart LH: Carcinoma in choledochal cysts. Age-related incidence. Arch Surg 118: 986-988, 1983.

406. Wee A, Ludwig J, Coffey RJ, et al: Hepatobiliary carcinoma associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis and chronic ulcerative colitis. Hum Pathol 16: 719-726, 1985.

407. Weinbren K, Mutum SS: Pathological aspects of cholangiocarcinoma. J Pathol 139: 217-238, 1983.

408. Yeo CJ, Pitt HA, Cameron JL: Cholangiocarcinoma. Surg Clin North Am 70: 1429-1447, 1990.

BILIARY CYSTADENOCARCINOMA

409. Azizah N, Paradinas FJ: Cholangiocarcinoma coexisting with developmental liver cysts: a distinct entity different from liver cystadenocarcinoma. Histopathology 4: 391-400, 1980.

410. Castelletto RH, Cobas C, Mainetti LM, et al: Pseudosarcomatous cystadenocarcinoma versus biliary carcinosarcoma of the liver. Hum Pathol 19: 1363, 1988.

411. Devine P, Ucci AA: Biliary cystadeocarcinoma arising in a congenital cyst. Hum Pathol 16: 92-94, 1985.

412. Iemoto Y, Kondo Y, Fukamachi S: Biliary cystadenocarcinoma with perioneal carcinomatosis. Cancer 48: 1664-1667, 1981.

413. Kanamori H, Kawahara H, Oh S, et al: A case of biliary cystadenocarcinoma with recurrent jaundice: Diagnostic evaluation of computed tomography. Cancer 55: 2722-2724, 1985.

414. Moore S, Gold RP, Lebwohl O, et al: Adenosquamous carcinoma of the liver arising in biliary cystadenocarcinoma: clinical, radiologic and pathologic features with review of the literature. J Clin Gastroenterol 6: 267-275, 1984.

415. Nakajima T, Sugano I, Matsuzaki O, et al: Biliary cystadenocarcinoma of the liver. A clinicopathologic and histochemical evaluation of nine cases. Cancer 69: 2426-2432, 1992.

416. Pinto MM, Kaye AD: Fine needle aspiration of cystic liver lesions: Cytologic examination and carcinoembryonic antigen assay of cyst contents. Acta Cytol 33: 852-856, 1989.

417. Theise ND, Miller F, Worman HJ, et al: Biliary cystadenocarcinoma arising in a liver with fibropolycystic disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med 117: 163-165, 1993.

418. Unger PD, Thung SN, Kaneko M: Pseudosarcomatous cystadenocarcinoma of the liver. Hum Pathol 18: 521-523, 1987.

419. Wolf HK, Garcia JA, Bossen EH: Oncocytic differentiation in intrahepatic biliary cystadenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol 5: 665-668, 1992.

420. Woods GL: Biliary cystadenocarcinoma: Case report of hepatic malignancy originating in benign cystadenoma. Cancer 47: 2936-2940, 1981.

BENIGN MESENCHYMAL TUMORS

421. Becker JM, Heitler MS: Hepatic hemangioendotheliomas in infancy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 168: 189-200, 1989.

422. Berry CL: Solitary "necrotic nodule" of the liver: a probable pathogenesis. J Clin Pathol 38: 1278-1280, 1985.

423. Brambs HJ, Spamer C, Volk B, et al: Histological diagnosis of liver hemangiomas using ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy. Hepatogastroenterology 32: 284-287, 1985.

424. Brawer MK, Austin GE, Lewin KJ: Focal fatty change of the liver. A hitherto poorly recognized entity. Gastroenterology 78: 247-252, 1985.

425. Caturelli E, Rapaccini Gl, Sabelli C, et al: Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of hepatic hemangioma. Liver 6: 326-330, 1986.

426. Dachman AH, Lichtenstein JE, Friedman AC, Hartman DS: Infantile hemangioendothelioma of the liver: A radiologic-pathologic-clinical correlation. AJR 140: 1091-1096, 1983.

427. Dehner LP: Hepatic tumors in the pediatric age group: A distinctive clinicopathologic spectrum. Perspect Pediatr Pathol 4: 217-268, 1978.

428. Dehner LP, Ewing SL, Sumner HW: Infantile mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver. Histologic and ultrastructural observations. Arch Pathol 99: 379-381, 1975.

429. Dehner LP, Ishak KG: Vascular tumors of the liver in infants and children. A study of 30 cases and review of the literature. Arch Pathol 92: 101-111, 1971.

430. DeMaioribus CA, Lally KP, Sim K, et al: Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver. A 35-year review. Arch Surg 125: 598-600, 1990.

431. Dooley JS, Li AKC, Scheuer PJ, et al: A giant cystic mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver: Diagnosis, management and study of cyst fluid. Gastroenterology 85: 958-961, 1983.

432. Drachenberg CB, Papadimitriou JC, Rivero MA, et al: Adult mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver: Report of a case with light microscopic, FNA cytology, immunohistochemistry, and ultrastructural studies and review of the literature. Mod Pathol 4: 392-395, 1991.

433. Fried RH, Wardzala A, Willson RA, et al: Benign cartilaginous tumor (chondroma) of the liver. Gastroenterology 103: 678-680, 1992.

434. Gandolfi L, Leo P, Solmi L, et al: Natural history of hepatic hemangiomas: clinical and ultrasound study. Gut 32: 677-680, 1991.

435. Goodman ZD: Benign tumors of the liver. In Okuda K, Ishak KG (eds): Neoplasms of the liver. Toyko, 1987, Springer-Verlag.

436. Goodman ZD, Ishak KG: Angiomyolipomas of the liver. Am J Surg Pathol 8: 745-750, 1984.

437. Gramlich TL, Killough BW, Garvin AJ: Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver: Report of a case in a 28-year-old. Hum Pathol 19: 991-992, 1988.

438. Haratake J, Koide O, Takeshita H: Hepatic lymphangiomatosis: Report of two cases, with an immunohistochemical study. Am J Gastroenterol 87: 906-909, 1992.

439. Hawkins EP, Jordan GL, McGavran MH: Primary leiomyoma of the liver. Successful treatment by lobectomy and presentation of criteria for diagnosis. Am J Surg Pathol 4: 301-304, 1980.

440. Karhunen PJ: Hepatic pseudolipoma. J Clin Pathol 38: 877-879, 1985.

441. Kim H, Damjanov I: Localized fibrous mesothelioma of the liver. Report of a giant tumor studied by light and electron microscopy. Cancer 52: 1662-1665, 1983.

442. Kirchner SG, Hellar RM, Kasselberg AG, et al: Infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma with subsequent malignant degeneration. Pediatr Radiol 11: 42-45, 1981.

443. Kottke-Marchant K, Hart WR, Broughan T: Localized fibrous tumor (localized fibrous mesothelioma) of the liver. Cancer 64: 1096-1102, 1189.

444. Lack EE: Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 8: 91-98, 1986.

445. Larcher VF, Howard ER, Mowat AP: Hepatic haemangiomata: diagnosis and management. Arch Dis Child 56: 7-12, 1981.

446. Martini GA: The liver in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: an inborn error of vascular structure with multiple manifestations: a reappraisal. Gut 19: 531-537, 1978.

447. Nishizaki T, Kanematsu T, Matsumata T, et al: Myelolipoma of the liver. A case report. Cancer 63: 930-934, 1989.

448. Noronha R, Gonzalez-Crussi F: Hepatic angiosarcoma in childhood. A case report and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 8: 863-871, 1984.

449. Peters WM, Dixon MF, Williams NS: Angiomyelolipoma of the liver. Histopathology 7: 99-106, 1983.

450. Pounder DJ: Hepatic angiomyelolipoma. Am J Surg Pathol 6: 677-681, 1982.

451. Roberts JL, Fishman EK, Hartman DS, et al: Lipomatous tumors of the liver: Evaluation with CT and US. Radiology 158: 613-617, 1986.

452. Roijiani AM, Owen DA, Berry K, et al: Hepatic hemangioblastoma. An unusual presentation in a patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease. Am J Surg Pathol 15: 81-86, 1991.

453. Ros PR, Goodman ZD, Ishak KG, et al: Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver: Radiologic-pathologic correlations. Radiology 158: 619-624, 1986.

454. Rubin E, Russinovich NAE, Luna RF, et al: Myelolipoma of the liver. Cancer 54: 2043-2046, 1984.

455. Schwartz SI, Husser WC: Cavernous hemangioma of the liver: A single institution report of 16 resections. Ann Surg 205: 456-465, 1987.

456. Srouji MN, Chatten J, Schulman WM, et al: Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver. Cancer 42: 2483-2489, 1978.

457. Stocker JT, Ishak KG: Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver: Report of 30 cases and review of the literature. Pediatr Pathol 1: 245-267, 1983.

458. Strate SM, Rutledge JC, Weinberg AG: Delayed development of angiosarcoma in multinodular infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 108: 943-944, 1984.

459. Sundaresan M, Lyons B, Akosa AB: "Solitary" necrotic nodules of the liver: an aetiology reaffirmed. Gut 32: 1378-1380, 1991.

460. Trastek VF, van Heerden JA, Sheedy PF II, et al: Cavernous hemangiomas of the liver: Resect or observe? Am J Surg 145: 49-53, 1983.

461. Van Steenbergen W, Joosten E, Marchal G, et al: Hepatic lymphangiomatosis. Report of a case and review of the literature. Gastroenterology 88: 1968-1972, 1985.

462. Vorse HB, Smith EI, Luckstead EF, et al: Hepatic hemangiomatosis of infancy. Am J Dis Child 137: 672-673, 1983.

463. Wanless IR, Gryfe A: Nodular transformation of the liver in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Arch Pathol Lab Med 110: 331-335, 1986.

464. Wheeler DA, Edmondson HA: Coelomic fat ectopia in the liver. Arch Pathol Lab Med 109: 783-785, 1985.

465. Yamaguchi T, Minami M, Yashiro N: Non-invasive diagnosis of small cavernous hemangioma of the liver. AJR 145: 1195-2001, 1985.

466. Yasunaga C, Sueishi K, Ohgami H, et al: Heterogeneous expression of endothelial cell markers in infantile hemangioendothelioma. Immunohistochemical study of two solitary cases and one multiple one. Am J Clin Pathol 91: 673-681, 1989.

467. Zafrani ES: Update on vascular tumours of the liver. J Hepatol 8: 125-130, 1989.

MALIGNANT MESENCHYMAL TUMORS

468. Abramowsky CR, Cebelin M, Choudhory A, et al: Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver with alpha-1-antitrypsin deposits: Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. Cancer 45: 3108-3113, 1980.

469. Alberti-Flor JJ, O'Hara MF, Weaver F, et al: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the liver. Gastroenterology 39: 890-893, 1985.

470. Alrenga DP: Primary fibrosarcoma of the liver. Case report and review of the literature. Cancer 36: 446-449, 1975.

471. Aoyama C, Hachitanda Y, Sato JK, et al: Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver. A tumor of uncertain histogenesis showing divergent differentation. Am J Surg Pathol 15: 615-624, 1991.

472. Arends JW, Willebrand D, Blaauw AMM, et al: Primary malignant fibrous histocytoma of the liver. A case report with immunocytochemical observations. Histopathology 11: 427-431, 1987.

473. Bloustein PA: Hepatic leiomyosarcoma. Ultrastructural study and review of the literature. Hum Pathol 9: 713-715, 1978.

474. Brady J, Liberatore F, Harper P, et al: Angiosarcoma of the liver: an epidemiologic survey. J Natl Cancer Inst 59: 1383-1385, 1977.

475. Chen KTK: Hepatic leiomyosarcoma. J Surg Oncol 24: 325-328, 1983.

476. Clements D, Hubscher S, West R, et al: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: A case report. J Hepatol 2: 441-449, 1986.

477. Dannaher CL, Tamburro CH, Yam LT: Occupational carcinogenesis. The Louisville experience with vinyl chloride-associated hepatic angiosarcoma. Am J Med 70: 279-287, 1981.

478. Dean PJ, Haggitt RC, O'Hara CJ: Malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver in young women. Relationship to oral contraceptive usage. Am J Surg Pathol 9: 695-705, 1985.

479. Dehner LP: A contemporary view of neoplasms in children. The pathologist's perspective. Pediatr Clin North Am 36: 113-137, 1989.

480. Dietze O, Davies SE, Williams R, et al: Malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver: a clinicopathological and histochemical study of 12 cases. Histopathology 15: 225-237, 1989.

481. Echevarria RA, Arean VM, Galindo L: Hepatic tumors of long duration with eventual metastases. Two cases of leiomyosarcomatosis possibly arising from hamartomas of the liver. Am J Clin Pathol 69: 624-631, 1978.

482. Eckstein RP, Ravich RBM: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver. Report of two cases histologically mimicking veno-occlusive disease. Pathology 18: 459-462, 1986.

483. Falk H, Herbert J, Crowley S: Epidemiology of hepatic angiosarcoma in the United States: 1964-1974. Environ Health Perspect 41: 107-113, 1981.

484. Fong JA, Ruebner BH: Primary leiomyosarcoma of the liver. Hum Pathol 5: 115-119, 1974.

485. Forbes A, Portmann B, Johnson P, et al: Hepatic sarcoma in adults: a review of 25 cases. Gut 28: 668-674, 1987.

486. Forman D, Bennett B, Stafford J, et al: Exposure to vinyl chloride and angiosarcoma of the liver: A report of the register of cases. Br J Industr Med 42: 750-753, 1985.

487. Fortwengler HP, Jones D, Espinosa E, et al: Evidence for endothelial cell origin of vinyl chloride-induced hepatic angiosarcoma. Gastroenterology 80: 1415-1419, 1981.

488. Friedman SL: Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary neoplasms in AIDS. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 17: 465-486, 1988.

489. Gallivan MVE, Lack EE, Chun B, et al: Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver: Ultrastructure of a case presenting as a primary intracardiac tumor. Pediatr Pathol 1: 291-300, 1983.

490. Glasgow BJ, Anders K, Layfield LJ, et al: Clinical and pathologic findings of the liver in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Am J Clin Pathol 83: 582-588, 1985.

491. Gonzalez-Crussi F: Undifferentiated (embryonal) liver sarcoma of childhood: Evidence of leiomyoblastic differentation. Pediatr Pathol 1: 281-290, 1983.

492. Ham JM, Pirola RC, Crouch RL: Hemangioendothelial sarcoma of the liver associated with long-term estrogen therapy in man. Dig Dis Sci 25: 879-883, 1980.

493. Harris MB, Shen S, Weiner MA, Bruckner JG, et al: Treatment of primary undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver with surgery and chemotherapy. Cancer 54: 2859-2862, 1984.

494. Horowitz ME, Etcubanas E, Webber BL, et al: Hepatic undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma in children. Results of therapy. Cancer 59: 396-402, 1987.

495. Ishak KG: Malignant mesenchymal tumors of the liver. In Okuda K, Ishak KG (eds): Neoplasms of the liver. Toyko, 1987, Springer-Verlag.

496. Ishak KG, Sesterhenn IA, Goodman ZD, et al: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver: A clinicopathologic and follow-up study of 32 cases. Hum Pathol 15: 839-852, 1984.

497. Katsuda S, Kawahara E, Matsui Y, et al: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the liver: A case report and review of the literature. Am J Gastroenterol 83: 1278-1282, 1988.

498. Kawabe T, Tagawa K, Unuma T, et al: Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in a young female. Dig Dis Sci 32: 1422-1427, 1987.

499. Keating S, Taylor GP: Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver: Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical similarities with malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Hum Pathol 16: 693-699, 1985.

500. Kelleher MB, Iwatsuki S, Sheahan DG: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver. Clinicopathologic correlation of 10 cases treated by orthotopic liver transplantation. Am J Surg Pathol 13: 999-1008, 1989.

501. Kim YI, Yu ES, Lee KW, et al: Dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the liver. Cancer 60: 2785-2790, 1987.

502. Kojiro M, Nakashima T, Ito Y, et al: Thorium dioxide-related angiosarcoma of the liver. Pathomorphologic study of 29 autopsyu cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med 109: 853-857, 1985.

503. Lack EE, Perez-Atayde AR, Schuster SR: Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tract: Report of five cases with ultrastructural observations and literature review. Am J Surg Pathol 5: 643-652, 1981.

504. Lack EE, Schloo BL, Azumi N, et al: Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver. Clinical and pathologic study of 16 cases with emphasis on immunohistochemical features. Am J Surg Pathol 15: 1-16, 1991.

505. Landas S, Turner JW, Moore KC, et al: Demonstration of iron and thorium in autopsy tissues by x-ray microanalysis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 108: 231-233, 1984.

506. Lederman SM, Martin EC, Laffey KT, et al: Hepatic neurofibromatosis, malignant schwannoma and angiosarcoma in von Recklinghausen's disease. Gastroenterology 92: 234-239, 1987.

507. Leuschner I, Schmidt D, Harms D: Undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver in childhood: Morphology, flow cytometry, and literature review. Hum Pathol 21: 68-76, 1990.

508. Locker GY, Doroshow JH, Zwelling LA, et al: The clinical features of hepatic angiosarcoma: A report of four cases and a review of the English literature. Medicine 58: 48-64, 1979.

509. Ludwig J, Grier MW, Hoffman HN II, et al: Calcified mixed malignant tumor of the liver. Arch Pathol 99: 162-166, 1975.

510. Ludwig J, Hoffman HN II: Hemangiosarcoma of the liver. Spectrum of morphologic findings and clinical findings. Mayo Clin Proc 50: 255-263, 1975.

511. Manning JT Jr, Ordonez NG, Barton JH: Endothelial cell origin of thorium oxide-induced angiosarcoma of the liver. Arch Pathol Lab Med 107: 456-458, 1983.

512. Marino IR, Todo S, Tzakis AG, et al: Treatment of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma with liver transplantation. Cancer 62: 2079-2084, 1988.

513. Maki HS, Hubert BC, Sajjad SM, et al: Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma. Arch Surg 122: 1193-1196, 1987.

514. McArdle JP, Hawley I, Shevland J, et al: Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the adult liver. Am J Surg Pathol 13: 961-965, 1989.

515. Miettinen M, Kahlos T: Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver. Epithelial features as shown by immunohistochemical analysis and electron microscopic examination. Cancer 64: 2096-2103, 1989.

516. Monroe PS, Riddell RH, Siegler M, et al: Hepatic angiosarcoma. Possible relationship to long-term oral contraceptive ingestion. JAMA 246: 64-65, 1981.

517. Neshiwat LF, Friedland ML, Schorr-Lesnick B, et al: Hepatic angiosarcoma. Am J Med 93: 219-222, 1992.

518. Pieterse AS, Smith M, Smith LA, et al: Embryonal (undifferentiated) sarcoma of the liver: Fine-needle aspiration cytology and ultrastructural findings. Arch Pathol Lab Med 109: 677-680, 1985.

519. Popper H, Thomas LB, Telles NC, et al: Development of hepatic angiosarcoma in man induced by vinyl chloride, Thorotrast, and arsenic. Comparison with cases of unknown etiology. Am J Pathol 92: 349-376, 1978.

520. Schneiderman DJ, Arenson DM, Cello JP, et al: Hepatic disease in patients with the acquire immune deficiency syndrome. Hepatology 7: 925-930, 1987.

521. Scoazec JY, Degott C, Reynes M, et al: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver: An ultrastructural study. Hum Pathol 20: 673-681, 1989.

522. Scoazec JY, Lamy P, Degott C, et al: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver: Diagnostic features and role of liver transplantation. Gastroenterology 94: 1447-1453, 1988.

523. Steiner M, Bostrum B, Leonard AS, et al: Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver: A clinicopathologic study of a survivor treated with combined technique therapy. Cancer 64: 1318-1322, 1989.

524. Stocker JT, Ishak KG: Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver. Cancer 42: 336-348, 1978.

525. Tamburro CH, Makk L, Popper H: Early hepatic histologic alterations among chemical (vinyl monomer) workers. Hepatology 4: 413-418, 1984.

526. Thomas LB, Popper H, Berk PD, et al: Vinyl-chloride-induced liver disease. From idiopathic portal hypertension (Banti's syndrome) to angiosarcomas. N Engl J Med 292: 17-22, 1975.

527. Tomaszewski MM, Kuenster JT, Hartman K: Leiomyosarcoma of ligamentum teres of liver. Pediatr Pathol 5: 147-156, 1986.

528. von Hochstetter AR, Hättenschwiler J, Vogt M: Primary osteosarcoma of the liver. Cancer 60: 2312-2317, 1987.

529. Walker NI, Horn MJ, Strong RW, et al: Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver. Pathologic findings and long-term survival after complete surgical resection. Cancer 69: 52-59, 1992.

530. Weitzner S: Primary hemangiopericytoma of the liver associated with hypoglycemia. Am J Dig Dis 15: 673-678, 1970.

MISCELLANEOUS TUMORS

531. Ali M, Fayemi AO, Braun EV: Malignant apudoma of the liver with symptomatic intractable hypoglycemia. Cancer 42: 686-692, 1978.

532. Alpert LI, Zak FG, Werthamer S, et al: Cholangiocarcinoma. A clinicopathologic study of five cases with ultrastructural observations. Hum Pathol 5: 709-728, 1974.

533. Andreola S, Lombardi L, Audisio RA, et al: A clinicopathologic study of primary hepatic carcinoid tumors. Cancer 65: 1211-1218, 1990.

534. Anthony PP, Telesinghe PU: Inflammatory pseudotumour of the liver. J Clin Pathol 39: 761-768, 1986.

535. Barsky SH, Linnoila I, Triche TJ, et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma with carcinoid features. Hum Pathol 15: 892-894, 1984.

536. Bloustein PA, Silverberg SG: Squamous cell carcinoma of the liver originating a an hepatic cyst. Case report with a review of the hepatic cyst-carcinoma association. Cancer 38: 2002-2005, 1976.

537. Chen KTK: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver. Hum Pathol 15: 694-696, 1984.

538. Collina G, Baruzzi G, Eusebi V: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver: Report of two cases. Tumori 73: 407-412, 1987.

539. Contreras P, Altiere E, Liberman C, et al: Adrenal rest tumor of the liver causing Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 60: 21-28, 1985.

540. Cross SS, Variend S: Combined hepatoblastoma and yolk sac tumor of the liver. Cancer 69: 1323-1326, 1992.

541. Fisher HP, Doppl W, Osborn M, et al: Evidence for a hepatocellular lineage in a combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma of transitional type. Virchows Arch 56 [B]: 71-76, 1988.

542. Foschini MP, Van Eyken P, Brock PR, et al: Malignant rhabdoid tumour of the liver. A case report. Histopathology 20: 157-165, 1992.

543. Goodman ZD, Ishak KG, Langloss JM, et al: Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma. A histologic and immunohistochemical study. Cancer 55: 124-135, 1985.

544. Gresham GA, Rue LW III: Squamous cell carcinoma of the liver. Hum Pathol 16: 413-416, 1985.

545. Hart WR: Primary endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor of the liver. First reported case. Cancer 35: 1453-1458, 1975.

546. Heaton GE, Matthews TH, Christopherson WM: Malignant trophoblastic tumors with massive hemorrhage presenting as liver primary. A report of two cases. Am J Surg Pathol 10: 342-376, 1986.

547. Horiuchi R, Uchida T, Kojima T, et al: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver: Clinicopathologic study and review of the literature. Cancer 65: 1583-1590, 1990.

548. Hunt SJ, Anderson WD: Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the liver. A distinct clinicopathologic entity. Am J Clin Pathol 94: 645-648, 1990.

549. Kawarada Y, Uehara S, Noda M, et al: Nonhepatocytic malignant mixed tumor primary in the liver. Report of two cases. Cancer 55: 1790-1798, 1985.

550. Li GH, Li JQ, Lin YZ: Inflammatory pseudotumor ofthe liver. J Surg Oncol 42: 244-248, 1989.

551. Miura K, Shirasawa H: Primary carcinoid tumor of the liver. Am J Clin Pathol 89: 561-564, 1988.

552. Nakajima T, Sugano I, Matsuzaki O, et al: Hepatic inflammatory lesions manifested as pseudotumor. Report of two cases with different characteristics. Arch Pathol Lab Med 117: 157-159, 1993.

553. Narita T, Moriyama Y, Ito Y: Endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumour of the liver. A case report and review of the literature. J Pathol 155: 41-47, 1988.

554. Parham DM, Peiper SC, Robicheaux G, et al: Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the liver. Evidence for epithelial differentiation. Arch Pathol Lab Med 112: 61-64, 1988.

555. Platt MS, Agamanolis DP, Krill CE Jr, et al: Occult hepatic sinusoidal tumor of infancy simulating neuroblastoma. Cancer 52: 1183-1189, 1983.

556. Robertson SJ, Higgins RB, Powell C: Malacoplakia of the liver: A case report. Hum Pathol 22: 1294-1295, 1991.

557. Shepherd NA, Lee G: Solitary necrotic nodules of the liver simulating hepatic metastases. J Clin Pathol 36: 1181-1183, 1983.

558. Sioutos N, Virta S, Kessimian N: Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor. An electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study. Am J Clin Pathol 95: 172-175, 1991.

559. Someren A: "Inflammatory pseudotumor" of the liver with occlusive phlebitis. Report of a case in a child and review of the literature. Am J Clin Pathol 69: 176-181, 1978.

560. Song E, Kew MC, Grieve T, et al: Primary squamous carcinoma of the liver occurring in association with hepatolithiasis. Cancer 53: 542-546, 1984.

561. Sonoda T, Toyoshima S, Enjoji M, et al: Simultaneous occurrence of primary carcinoma and chondrosarcoma in the liver. Acta Pathol Jpn 34: 919-924, 1984.

562. Tomioka T, Tsunoda T, Harada N, et al: Adenosquamous carcinoma of the liver. Am J Gastroenterol 82: 1203-1206, 1987.

563. Tsui WMS, Yuen RWS, Chow LTC, et al: Solitary necrotic nodule of the liver: parasitic origin? J Clin Pathol 45: 975-978, 1992.

564. Villaschi S, Balistreri P: Endodermal sinus tumour of the liver. Histopathology 18: 86-88, 1991.

565. Wakely PE Jr, Krummel TM, Johnson DE: Yolk sac tumor of the liver. Mod Pathol 4: 121-125, 1991.

566. Warner TFCS, Seo IS, Madura JA, et al: Pancreatic-polypeptide-producing apudoma of the liver. Cancer 46: 1146-1151, 1980.

567. Witte DP, Kissane JM, Askin FB: Hepatic teratomas in children. Pediatr Pathol 1: 81-92, 1983.

568. Wolf HK, Burchette JL Jr, Garcia JA, et al: Exocrine pancreatic tissue in human liver: A metaplastic process? Am J Surg Pathol 14: 5990-595, 1990.

569. Yu-Ping X, Ji-yao Y: Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the liver. Ultrastruct Pathol 10: 331-336, 1986.

HEMATOPOIETIC NEOPLASMS

570. Aderka D, Kraus M, Avidor I, et al: Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas masquerading as "idiopathic" liver granulomas. Am J Gastroenterol 79: 642-644, 1984.

571. Andreola S, Audisio RA, Mazzaferro V, et al: Primary lymphoma of the liver showing immunohistochemical evidence of T-cell origin. Dig Dis Sci 33: 1632-1636, 1988.

572. Anthony PP, Sarsfield P, Clarke T: Primary lymphoma of the liver: clinical and pathological features of 10 patients. J Clin Pathol 43: 1007-1013, 1990.

573. Abt AB, Kirschner RH, Belliveau RE, et al: Hepatic pathology associated with Hodgkin's disease. Cancer 33: 1564-1571, 1974.

574. Braude S, Portmann B, Gimson AES, et al: Fulminant hepatic failure in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Postgrad Med J 58: 301-304, 1982.

575. Braylan CR, Long CJ, Jaffe SE, et al: Malignant lymphoma obscured by concomitant extensive epithelioid granulomas. Cancer 39: 1146-1155, 1977.

576. Brown RE, D'Cruz CA: Sinus histiocytosis massive lymphadenopathy syndrome: Histogenesis of the hepatic lesion. Ann Clin Lab Sci 17: 162-170, 1987.

577. Bruguera M, Caballero T, Carreras E, et al: Hepatic sinusoidal dilatation in Hodgkin's disease. Liver 7: 76-80, 1987.

578. Caccamo D, Pervez NK, Marchevsky A: Primary lymphoma of the liver in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Pathol Lab Med 110: 553-555, 1986.

579. Cavalli G, Casali AM, Lambertini F, et al: Changes in the small biliary passages in the hepatic localization of Hodgkin's disease. Virchows Arch 384 [A]: 295-306,1979.

580. Colby TV, LaBrecque DR: Lymphoreticular malignancy presenting as fulminant hepatic disease. Gastroenterology 82: 339-345, 1982.

581. Concepcion W, Esquivel CO, Terry A, et al: Liver transplantation in Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X). Semin Oncol 18: 24-28, 1991.

582. Daniel SJ, Attiyeh FF, Dire JJ, et al: Primary lymphoma of the liver treated with extended left hepatic lobectomy. Cancer 55: 206-209, 1985.

583. Dehner LP: Morphologic findings in the histocytic syndromes. Semin Oncol 18: 8-17, 1991.

584. DeMent SH, Mann RB, Staal SP, et al: Primary lymphomas of the liver. Report of six cases and review of the literature. Am J Clin Pathol 88: 255-263, 1987.

585. Dich NH, Goodman ZD, Klein MA: Hepatic involvement in Hodgkin's disease. Clues to histologic diagnosis. Cancer 64: 2121-2126, 1989.

586. Dohy H, Abe T, Takata N, et al: Successful hepatoectomy for solitary plasmacytoma. N Engl J Med 300: 1218-1221, 1979.

587. Favara BE, Jaffe R: Pathology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1: 75-97, 1987.

588. Gaulard P, Zafrani ES, Mavier P, et al: Peripheral T-cell lymphoma presenting a predominant liver disease: a report of three cases. Hepatology 6: 864-868, 1986.

589. Grundfest S, Cooperman AM, Ferguson R, et al: Portal hypertension associated with systemic mastocytosis and splenomegaly. Gastroenterology 78: 370-373, 1980.

590. Horny H-P, Kaiserling E, Campbell M, et al: Liver findings in generalized mastocytosis. A clinicopathologic study. Cancer 63: 532-538, 1989.

591. Hubscher SG, Lumley MA, Elias E: Vanishing bile duct syndrome: A possible mechanism for intrahepatic cholestasis in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hepatology 17: 70-77, 1993.

592. Iwai M, Kashiwadani M, Okuno T, et al: Cholestatic liver disease in a 20-yr-old woman with histiocytosis X. Am J Gastroenterol 83: 164-168, 1988.

593. Jaffe ES: Malignant lymphomas: Pathology of hepatic involvement. Semin Liver Dis 7: 257-268, 1987.

594. Johnson LN, Iseri O, Knodell RG: Caseating hepatic granulomas in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Gastroenterology 99: 1837-1840, 1990.

595. Kaplan HS: Hodgkin's disease: Unfolding concepts concerning its nature, management and prognosis. Cancer 45: 2439-2474, 1980.

596. Kim H, Dorfman RF, Rosenberg SA: Pathology of malignant lymphoma in the liver. Application in staging. Prog Liver Dis 5: 683-698, 1976.

597. Leblanc A, Hadchouel M, Jehan P, et al: Obstructive jaundice in children with histiocytosis X. Gastroenterology 80: 134-139, 1981.

598. Lefkowitch JH, Falkow S, Whitlock RT: Hepatic Hodgkin's disease simulating cholestatic hepatitis with liver failure. Arch Pathol Lab Med 109: 424-426, 1985.

599. Leslie KO, Colby TV: Hepatic parenchymal lymphoid aggregates in Hodgkin's disease. Hum Pathol 15: 808-809, 1984.

600. Lieberman DA: Intrahepatic cholestasis due to Hodgkin's disease: An elusive diagnosis. J Clin Pathol 8: 304-307, 1986.

601. Lisker-Melman M, Pittaluga S, Pluda JM, et al: Primary lymphoma of the liver in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and chronic hepatitis B. Am J Gastroenterol 84: 1445-1448, 1989.

602. Miller ST, Wollner N, Meyers PA, et al: Primary hepatic or hepatosplenic non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in children. Cancer 52: 2285-2288, 1983.

603. Mills AE: Undifferentiated primary hepatic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in childhood. Am J Surg Pathol 12: 721-726, 1988.

604. Nanba K, Soban EJ, Bowling MC, et al: Splenic pseudosinuses and hepatic angiomatous lesions. Distinctive features of hairy cell leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol 67: 415-526, 1977.

605. Osborne BM, Butler JJ, Guarda LA: Primary lymphoma of the liver. Ten cases and review of the literature. Cancer 56: 2902-2910, 1985.

606. Pirovino M, Jeanneret C, Lang RH, et al: Liver cirrhosis in histiocytosis X. Liver 8: 293-298, 1988.

607. Rappaport H, Thomas L: Mycosis fungoides. The pathology of extracutaneous involvement. Cancer 34: 1198-1229, 1974.

608. Roquet M-L, Zafrani E-S, Farcet J-P, et al: Histopathological lesions of the liver in hairy cell leukemia: A report of 14 cases. Hepatology 5: 496-500, 1985.

609. Ryan J, Straus DJ, Lange C, et al: Primary lymphoma of the liver. Cancer 61: 370-375, 1988.

610. Sacks E, Donalson SS, Gordon J, et al: Epithelioid granulomas associated with Hodgkin's disease. Cancer 41: 562-567, 1978.

611. Saito K, Nakanuma Y, Ogawa S, et al: Extensive hepatic granulomas associated with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Am J Gastroenterol 86: 1243-1246, 1991.

612. Schneiderman DJ, Arenson DM, Cello JP, et al: Hepatic disease in patients with the acquire immune deficiency syndrome. Hepatology 7: 925-930, 1987.

613. Schwartz JB, Shamsuddin AM: The effects of leukemic infiltrates in various organs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Hum Pathol 12: 432-440, 1981.

614. Scoazec J-Y, Degott C, Brousse N, et al: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting a primary tumor of the liver: Presentation, diagnosis and outcome in eight patients. Hepatology 13: 870-875, 1991.

615. Skovsgaard T, Brinckmeyer LM, Vesterager L, et al: The liver in Hodgkin's disease. II. Histopathologic findings. Eur J Clin Oncol 18: 429-435, 1982.

616. Strayer DS, Reppun TS, Levin M, et al: Primary lymphoma of the liver. Gastroenterology 78: 1571-1576, 1980.

617. Thompson HH, Pitt HA, Lewin KJ, et al: Sclerosing cholangitis and histiocytosis X. Gut 25: 526-530, 1984.

618. Verdi CJ, Grogan TM, Protell R, et al: Liver biopsy immunotyping to characterize lymphoid malignancies. Hepatology 6: 6-13, 1986.

619. Watterson J, Priest JR: Jaundice as a paraneoplastic phenomenon in a T-cell lymphoma. Gastroenterology 97: 1319-1322, 1989.

620. Yam LT, Janckila AJ, Chan CH, et al: Hepatic involvement in hairy cell leukemia. Cancer 51: 1497-1504, 1983.

621. Zafrani ES, Leclercq B, Vernant J-P, et al: Massive blastic infiltration of the liver: A cause of fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology 3: 428-432, 1983.

METASTATIC TUMORS

622. Borja ER, Hori JM, Pugh RP: Metastatic carcinomatosis of the liver mimicking cirrhosis. Case report and review of the literature. Cancer 35: 445-449, 1975.

623. DeBrauw LM, Van de Velde CJH, Bouwhuis-Hoogerwert ML, et al: Diagnostic evaluation and surivival analysis of colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases. J Surg Oncol 3: 81-87, 1987.

624. Dent GA, Feldman JM: Pseudocystic liver metastases in patients with carcinoid tumors: Report of three cases. Am J Clin Pathol 82: 275-279, 1984.

625. Gerber MA, Thung SN, Bodenheimer HC, et al: Characteristic histologic triad in liver adjacent to metastatic neoplasm. Liver 6: 85-88, 1986.

626. Glenthøj, Sehested M, Torp-Pedersen S: Diagnostic reliability of histological and cytological fine needle biopsies from focal liver lesions. Histopathology 15: 375-383, 1989.

627. Hajdu SI, D'Ambrosio FG, Fields V, et al: Aspiration and brush cytology of the liver. Semin Diagn Pathol 3: 227-238, 1986.

628. Hughes KS, Rosenstein RB, Songhorabodi S, et al: Resection of the liver for colorectal carcinoma metastases: A multi-institutional study of long-term survivors. Dis Colon Rectum 31: 1-8, 1988.

629. Hughes KS, Sugarbaker PH: Treatment of metastatic liver tumors. In Rosenberg SA (ed): Surgical Cure of Metastatic Disease. Philadelphia, 1987, JB Lippincott.

630. Limberg B, Höpker WW, Kommerell B: Histologic differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions by ultrasonically guided fine needle biopsy. Gut 28: 237-241, 1987.

631. Lin BPC, Chu JMG, Rose RA: Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of the liver. Pathology 19: 173-177, 1987.

632. Malt RA: Surgery for hepatic neoplasms. N Engl J Med 313: 1591-1596, 1985.

633. Melato M, Laurino L, Mucli E, et al: Relationship between cirrhosis, liver cancer, and hepatic metastases: An autopsy study. Cancer 64: 455-459, 1989.

634. Pickren JW, Tsukada Y, Lane WW: Liver metastases: Analysis of autopsy data. In Weiss L, Gilbert HA (eds): Liver Metastasis. Boston, 1982, GK Hall Medical Publishers.

635. Qizilbash A, Kontozoglou T, Sianos J, et al: Hepatic lobatum associated with chemotherapy and metastatic breast cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 111: 58-61, 1987.

636. Schulz W, Hort W: The distribution of of metastases in the liver. A quantitative postmortem study. Virchows Arch 394: 89-96, 1981.

637. Strohmeyer T, Schultz W: The distribution of metastases of different primary tumors in the liver. Liver 6: 184-187, 1986.